What is the treatment for a Staphylococcus (Staph) infection rash on the buttock?

Treatment of Staphylococcus Infection Rash on Buttock

For a Staphylococcus aureus rash on the buttock, treatment should begin with determining if the infection is purulent (containing pus) or non-purulent, followed by appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on local resistance patterns.

Initial Assessment and Classification

• Determine if the infection is purulent (abscess, furuncle) or non-purulent (cellulitis) to guide appropriate therapy 1
• For purulent infections, incision and drainage is the primary treatment 1
• Obtain cultures from purulent drainage before starting antibiotics to confirm pathogen and guide therapy 2

Treatment Algorithm for Staphylococcus Rash on Buttock

For Purulent Infections (abscess with pus):

1. Primary treatment: Incision and drainage 1

   • For mild infections with small abscesses, this may be sufficient without antibiotics 1

2. Antimicrobial therapy based on severity:

   • Mild infection: After drainage, consider oral antibiotics active against MRSA 1:

     • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX): 1-2 double-strength tablets twice daily 1, 2
     • Clindamycin: 300-450 mg orally three times daily 1, 2
     • Doxycycline: 100 mg twice daily (not for children <8 years) 1, 2

   • Moderate infection (with systemic signs like fever):

     • Same oral antibiotics as above but with closer follow-up 1, 2

   • Severe infection (failed outpatient treatment, immunocompromised, or severe systemic symptoms):

     • Vancomycin 15-20 mg/kg/dose IV every 8-12 hours 1
     • Alternatives: Linezolid, daptomycin, or ceftaroline 1, 2

For Non-Purulent Infections (cellulitis without drainage):

1. Mild infection:

   • Beta-lactam antibiotic (active against streptococci) 1:
     • Cephalexin 500 mg four times daily 1
     • Dicloxacillin 500 mg four times daily 1

2. Moderate to severe infection:

   • If MRSA is suspected (previous MRSA infection, MRSA colonization, injection drug use):
     • Add coverage for both streptococci and MRSA 1, 2
     • Vancomycin 15-20 mg/kg/dose IV every 8-12 hours 1

Topical Treatment Options

• For limited impetigo or small superficial infections:
  • Mupirocin 2% ointment applied to affected area three times daily for 5-10 days 3, 4
  • Effective against both MRSA and streptococci 3
  • Should show clinical response within 3-5 days 3

Duration of Treatment

• 5-7 days for uncomplicated infections 1, 2
• Extend treatment if infection has not improved within this time period 1
• For more severe infections, 7-14 days may be necessary 2

Prevention of Recurrence

• Keep wounds covered with clean, dry bandages 1
• Maintain good personal hygiene with regular bathing 1
• Avoid sharing personal items (towels, razors, clothing) 1
• Consider decolonization regimen for recurrent infections:
  • Intranasal mupirocin twice daily for 5 days 1
  • Daily chlorhexidine washes 1
  • Daily decontamination of personal items 1

Special Considerations

• For children, dosing must be adjusted by weight 1
• Tetracyclines (doxycycline, minocycline) should not be used in children under 8 years 1, 2
• For pregnant patients, beta-lactams are preferred if pathogen is susceptible 5
• Rifampin should not be used as monotherapy due to rapid development of resistance 2

Follow-up Recommendations

• Re-evaluate within 48-72 hours if no improvement 1, 3
• Consider alternative diagnosis or need for surgical intervention if infection worsens despite appropriate therapy 1
• Complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve quickly 2