Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is a common cause of painful urination in males, especially if they have a history of UTIs or have recently engaged in activities that increase the risk of infection, such as unprotected sex.

Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland can cause pain during urination, along with other symptoms like pelvic pain and difficulty starting urination.
Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, often due to infection, can cause painful urination and discharge.
Kidney Stones: Small stones in the urinary tract can cause severe pain, including pain during urination, as they move through the system.

Gonorrhea or Chlamydia: These sexually transmitted infections can cause painful urination and, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications like infertility and epididymitis.
Tuberculosis of the Urinary Tract: Although rare, TB can infect the urinary system, causing pain during urination among other symptoms, and requires prompt treatment to prevent long-term damage.
Cancer of the Urinary Tract: While less common, cancers of the bladder, prostate, or kidney can cause painful urination and must be ruled out, especially in older men or those with risk factors.

Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes painful urination, which is more common in women but can occur in men.
Sjögren's Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dryness in the mucous membranes, including the urethra, leading to painful urination.
Reiter's Syndrome (Reactive Arthritis): A form of arthritis that occurs in reaction to a bacterial infection, which can cause symptoms including painful urination.