Physiological phimosis: This condition is common in young males where the foreskin cannot be fully retracted due to adhesions or narrowness. It often resolves on its own as the child grows. The ability to retract and move the foreskin suggests a less severe form.

Pathological phimosis: Unlike physiological phimosis, this condition persists beyond childhood and can be due to scarring from infections, inflammation, or poor hygiene. It may require medical intervention.
Balanitis: Inflammation of the glans penis, which can cause discomfort and swelling, potentially leading to difficulty retracting the foreskin.
Posthitis: Inflammation of the foreskin, which can cause similar symptoms to balanitis and contribute to phimosis or paraphimosis.

Cancer of the penis: Although rare, penile cancer can present with phimosis or paraphimosis due to tumor growth causing narrowing or fixation of the foreskin. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
Lichen sclerosis: A chronic inflammatory skin condition that can cause scarring and narrowing of the foreskin, leading to phimosis. It's essential to diagnose and treat to prevent further complications.
Paraphimosis due to underlying anatomical issues: Conditions like hypospadias or epispadias can increase the risk of paraphimosis. Identifying these conditions is vital for appropriate management.

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: A rare genetic condition that can cause blistering and scarring of the skin, potentially affecting the foreskin and leading to phimosis or paraphimosis.
Foreign body or hair tourniquet: Although more common in other parts of the body, a foreign object or hair can become trapped around the penis, causing swelling and potentially leading to paraphimosis.
Iatrogenic causes: Previous surgical procedures or medical interventions can sometimes lead to complications such as phimosis or paraphimosis.