Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): This condition is very common in older men and can cause urinary retention, frequency, and incontinence due to the enlarged prostate gland compressing the urethra.

Overactive Bladder: A condition characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, sometimes accompanied by incontinence. It's common in the elderly and can be due to various factors, including neurological disorders or bladder muscle issues.
Detrusor Overactivity: Similar to overactive bladder, this condition involves the involuntary contraction of the detrusor muscle, leading to urgency and incontinence.
Neurogenic Bladder: Due to the age of the patient, conditions like stroke, diabetes, or spinal cord injuries could lead to neurogenic bladder, affecting the nerve supply to the bladder and causing incontinence.

Cauda Equina Syndrome: A serious condition that occurs when the nerves in the spinal canal are compressed, leading to loss of bladder and bowel control, among other symptoms. It requires immediate medical attention.
Spinal Cord Injury or Compression: Any injury or compression affecting the spinal cord can lead to loss of bladder control. Given the potential for serious consequences, it's crucial not to miss this diagnosis.
Urinary Retention due to Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, such as anticholinergics, can cause urinary retention, leading to overflow incontinence.

Bladder Cancer: Although less common, bladder cancer can cause symptoms like incontinence, especially if the tumor obstructs the flow of urine.
Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain. The symptoms can mimic those of a urinary tract infection but without the presence of bacteria.
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA): A rare neurodegenerative disorder that can affect bladder control among other functions. It's characterized by the progressive damage to various areas of the brain.