Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Phallus in a 12-Year-Old
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Trauma: This is often the most common reason for a swollen phallus in a preteen male, considering accidental injuries or sports-related trauma.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Balanitis: An inflammation of the glans penis, which can be caused by poor hygiene, infection (bacterial, fungal, or viral), or an allergic reaction. It's common in uncircumcised males.
- Phimosis: A condition where the foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans penis, which can lead to swelling if it becomes trapped.
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Though less common in males, UTIs can cause swelling and discomfort in the genital area.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Paraphimosis: A medical emergency where the foreskin is retracted behind the glans and cannot return to its original position, cutting off blood flow. It requires immediate attention.
- Testicular Torsion: Although it primarily affects the testicles, severe cases can lead to swelling that might be noticed in the phallus area due to referred pain or associated swelling.
- Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis (the tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm), which can cause pain and swelling that might be perceived as involving the phallus.
Rare Diagnoses
- Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP): A form of vasculitis that affects blood vessels and can cause a variety of symptoms, including genital swelling and rash.
- Genital Herpes: A viral infection that can cause painful blisters and swelling in the genital area.
- Malignancy: Though extremely rare in this age group, certain types of cancer (like penile cancer) could potentially cause swelling, but this would be an uncommon presentation.