Renal Artery Stenosis: This condition leads to increased renin production due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in high blood pressure. The low aldosterone level despite high renin could be due to a disrupted feedback mechanism or a primary issue with aldosterone production. Low potassium (hypokalemia) can occur due to the increased aldosterone effect on the kidneys, despite its low levels, promoting potassium excretion.

Primary Aldosteronism with a Renin-Producing Tumor: Although primary aldosteronism typically presents with low renin, a renin-producing tumor could lead to high renin levels. The aldosterone level might be inappropriately low for the degree of renin elevation, and hypertension along with hypokalemia could be present.
Bartter Syndrome: This is a rare genetic disorder affecting the kidneys' ability to reabsorb sodium. It leads to high renin and aldosterone levels but can present with low aldosterone in some cases due to feedback inhibition. Hypokalemia and hypertension are common features.
Gordon Syndrome (Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type II): Characterized by hypertension, hyperkalemia is more common, but some variants can present with hypokalemia. Renin levels are typically elevated, and aldosterone can be low due to the disease's pathophysiology affecting the kidneys' response to aldosterone.

Renin-Producing Tumor: A tumor that autonomously secretes renin can lead to high blood pressure and hypokalemia. The aldosterone level might be low if the tumor does not also produce aldosterone or if there's a disruption in the normal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system feedback.
Cushing's Syndrome: Although more commonly associated with hypokalemia and hypertension due to excess cortisol, some cases can have elevated renin. The aldosterone level might be low due to cortisol's mineralocorticoid effect suppressing aldosterone production.

17α-Hydroxylase Deficiency: A rare congenital adrenal hyperplasia that affects the production of cortisol, resulting in an overproduction of mineralocorticoids (like aldosterone) and androgens. However, some cases might present with low aldosterone due to the specific enzymatic defect, leading to hypertension and hypokalemia.
Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess (AME): A condition where the body has an abnormality in metabolizing cortisol, leading it to act like aldosterone. This can result in hypertension and hypokalemia, with variable effects on renin and aldosterone levels.