From the Guidelines
Dihydronicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) Mononucleotide, also known as Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) precursor, is essentially Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) itself, which serves as a precursor to NAD+ and subsequently NADH in cellular metabolism. The role of NAD+ in energy metabolism is crucial, as it is involved in the transfer of hydride ions (H–) within dehydrogenase–reductase systems 1. NAD+ is a cofactor for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP), which carry out DNA base excision repair processes and/or mediate cell death in response to oxidative damage, ischaemia and excitotoxicity 1. Some of the key functions of Niacin, which is a precursor to NAD+, include converting nutrients into energy, creating cholesterol and fats, creating and repairing DNA, and exerting antioxidant effects 1. Niacin deficiency can result in pellagra, characterized by cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and neurologic symptoms, highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate NAD+ levels 1. The daily recommended intake of Niacin varies by age and sex, with adolescents and adults requiring 14-16 mg/day, and pregnant and lactating women requiring 18 mg/day and 16 mg/day, respectively 1. Key points to consider when evaluating the role of NMN as a precursor to NADH include:
- The importance of NAD+ in energy metabolism and its role as a cofactor for various enzymes
- The potential consequences of NAD+ deficiency, including pellagra and age-related decline
- The daily recommended intake of Niacin and its variations by age and sex
- The potential benefits of supplementing with NMN to boost NAD+ levels and address age-related decline. In terms of the specific precursor to NADH, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is the most direct precursor, as it can be converted to NAD+ and subsequently to NADH through cellular metabolism. This is supported by the fact that NMN has been shown to increase NAD+ levels in various tissues, including muscle and liver, and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for addressing age-related decline and improving overall health 1. Overall, the use of NMN as a precursor to NADH has the potential to improve cellular energy metabolism and address age-related decline, making it a promising area of research and potential therapeutic application.
From the FDA Drug Label
Active ingredient Resveratrol 600mg β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide 500mg Piper nigrum extract 50mg The FDA drug label does not answer the question.
From the Research
Dihydronicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) Mononucleotide
- Dihydronicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) Mononucleotide is also known as Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) precursor 2.
NAD+ Precursors
- NMN is a nucleotide that is most recognized for its role as an intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis 2.
- Other NAD+ precursors include nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinamide (NAM), and dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) 3, 4.
Role of NAD+ Precursors
- NAD+ precursors have been shown to have potential therapeutic use in various diseases, including diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity 2, 4.
- NAD+ metabolism regulates a broad spectrum of cellular functions, such as energy metabolism, DNA repair, regulation of the epigenetic landscape, and inflammation 5.
NMN Biosynthesis
- The biosynthetic pathway of NMN varies between eukaryote and prokaryote, with two pathways mainly followed in eukaryotic human cells: the salvage pathway using nicotinamide and the phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside 2.