From the Guidelines
Fungal infections can indeed occur around the lips, also known as the perioral area, with the most common type being oral thrush (candidiasis) caused by the Candida albicans fungus. The perioral area can be susceptible to fungal infections, especially in individuals with compromised immunity, such as those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or those taking antibiotics 1.
Types of Fungal Infections
- Oral thrush (candidiasis): characterized by white or red patches, cracks, or sores around the lips and mouth area
- Angular cheilitis: causes cracks and inflammation at the corners of the mouth, which can have fungal origins
Treatment Options
- Antifungal medications:
- Nystatin oral suspension (swish and swallow 4-6 times daily)
- Clotrimazole troches (dissolved in mouth 5 times daily)
- Fluconazole (150mg oral tablet, once weekly for 2-4 weeks) for more severe cases
- Antifungal creams:
- Clotrimazole or miconazole applied to the corners of the mouth 2-3 times daily for 7-14 days for angular cheilitis
Prevention
- Good oral hygiene
- Avoiding licking your lips
- Staying hydrated
- Maintaining a strong immune system
- Avoiding excessive use of antibiotics, which can disrupt the balance of normal flora in the mouth and increase the risk of fungal infections 1
It is essential to note that fungal infections thrive in warm, moist environments, making the mouth area susceptible to these types of infections, especially in individuals with compromised immunity 1.
From the Research
Fungal Infections around the Lips
- Fungal infections can occur in various parts of the body, including the oral cavity and surrounding areas.
- The perioral area, which is the region surrounding the mouth, can be affected by fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- Candida albicans is the most common cause of oral candidiasis, which can manifest as pseudomembranous, erythematous, hyperplastic, or denture-related lesions 3, 5, 6.
- Angular cheilitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the corners of the mouth, can be caused by Candida infection, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems or those who wear dentures 3.
Risk Factors and Treatment
- Local and systemic factors can contribute to the development of oral candidiasis, including decreased salivation, denture wearing, diabetes mellitus, and immunosuppression 3, 5.
- Antifungal agents, such as nystatin, clotrimazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin, are available for the treatment of oral candidiasis, and can be administered topically or systemically 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- The choice of antifungal agent depends on the severity of the infection, the patient's medical history, and the presence of any underlying conditions 2, 6.
- In some cases, oral candidiasis may require a combination of antifungal agents, as well as measures to enhance cellular immune activity and improve nutritional status 5.