Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: This condition is characterized by seizures that occur during sleep, often manifesting as myoclonic jerks. The seizures are typically brief and can recur multiple times throughout the night.

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD): Although more commonly associated with movements during sleep, PLMD can sometimes be mistaken for myoclonic jerks due to the repetitive nature of the limb movements.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): While primarily causing discomfort and urge to move the legs, RLS can lead to movements during sleep that might be perceived as myoclonic jerks.
Hypnic Jerks: These are sudden, brief contractions of the muscles that occur when falling asleep, which can be mistaken for myoclonic jerks.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A rare, degenerative, fatal brain disorder that can cause myoclonus among other symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial, although treatment options are limited.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE): A rare chronic, progressive encephalitis that affects primarily children and young adults, caused by a persistent infection with the measles virus, which can present with myoclonus.
Prion Diseases: Including fatal familial insomnia, which can present with myoclonus and sleep disturbances.

Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged-Red Fibers (MERRF): A rare mitochondrial disorder that affects many of the body's systems, particularly the nervous system and muscles, causing myoclonus, among other symptoms.
Unverricht-Lundborg Disease: A rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by myoclonus, epilepsy, and progressive neurological deterioration.
Lafora Disease: A rare genetic disorder characterized by myoclonus, epilepsy, and progressive neurological deterioration, leading to severe disability and death.