Single most likely diagnosis
- Zinc deficiency or excess: Smoking can lead to an imbalance of zinc in the body, which is a common cause of metallic taste.
Other Likely diagnoses
- Gum disease or poor oral hygiene: Smokers are at a higher risk for gum disease, which can cause a metallic taste due to the buildup of bacteria and inflammation.
- Medication side effects: Certain medications, such as antibiotics or blood pressure medications, can cause a metallic taste as a side effect.
- Sinus infections or allergies: Postnasal drip from sinus infections or allergies can lead to a metallic taste.
Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Heavy metal poisoning (e.g., lead, mercury, or arsenic): Exposure to heavy metals can cause a metallic taste and is a medical emergency.
- Neurological disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease): Certain neurological conditions can affect the sense of taste, leading to a metallic taste.
- Cancer (e.g., head and neck cancer): Although rare, cancer can cause a metallic taste, especially if it affects the oral cavity or sinuses.
Rare diagnoses
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dry mouth and a metallic taste.
- Hypothyroidism: Some people with hypothyroidism may experience changes in taste, including a metallic taste.
- Vitamin deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency): Certain vitamin deficiencies can cause changes in taste, including a metallic taste.