How many minutes is each cycle of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)?

Duration of CPR Cycles

Each cycle of CPR should last for 2 minutes before reassessing rhythm or pulse, as recommended by the American Heart Association guidelines. 1

Standard CPR Cycle Components

• Each standard CPR cycle consists of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths, repeated continuously for 2 minutes before rhythm/pulse check 1
• Chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, with a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) 1, 2
• Complete chest recoil should be allowed between compressions to optimize cardiac refilling 1, 3
• Rescuers should minimize interruptions in chest compressions to maintain adequate perfusion 2, 3

Timing of Rhythm/Pulse Checks

• After 2 minutes of continuous CPR, pause briefly to check rhythm (if using AED/defibrillator) or check pulse 1
• For healthcare providers performing advanced life support, rhythm should be checked every 2 minutes to reassess and adjust treatment accordingly 1
• When using an AED, follow device prompts which typically direct rescuers to perform 2 minutes of CPR between rhythm analyses 1

Special Considerations

• After delivering a shock with an AED, CPR should be resumed immediately for 2 minutes before the next rhythm check 1
• For rescuers performing CPR with an advanced airway in place, continuous chest compressions should be performed without pauses for ventilation, with 1 breath delivered every 6 seconds (10 breaths/minute) 1, 2
• Compressors should be changed every 2 minutes (coinciding with rhythm checks) or sooner if fatigued to maintain high-quality compressions 1, 3

Importance of Minimizing Interruptions

• Research shows that interruptions in chest compressions are detrimental to survival outcomes 4, 5
• Each interruption in chest compressions requires a "rebuilding" period to reestablish coronary perfusion pressure 5
• The 2-minute cycle duration balances the need for rhythm assessment with the importance of maintaining continuous chest compressions 2, 3

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Taking too long to check for pulse (should be limited to 10 seconds maximum) 3
• Excessive interruptions in chest compressions for non-essential activities 1, 2
• Incomplete chest recoil between compressions, which compromises cardiac filling 1, 3
• Inadequate compression depth or rate, which reduces perfusion to vital organs 2, 3