What is scapular dyskinesia?

Scapular dyskinesia is an abnormal movement or positioning of the shoulder blade (scapula) during arm movements. It occurs when the muscles that control the scapula don't work properly together, causing altered scapular motion, position, or rhythm. This condition commonly presents as winging (the scapula sticking out from the back), excessive elevation or depression, or abnormal rotation during arm movement. Scapular dyskinesia often results from muscle imbalances, weakness, or tightness, particularly in the serratus anterior, trapezius, or rhomboid muscles. It can develop from poor posture, overuse injuries, nerve injuries, or shoulder impingement. Treatment typically involves physical therapy focusing on strengthening exercises for the scapular stabilizers, stretching tight muscles, and correcting movement patterns. Specific exercises might include wall slides, scapular retractions, and serratus anterior strengthening. Proper posture education and activity modification are also important components of treatment. If left untreated, scapular dyskinesia can lead to shoulder pain, decreased range of motion, and impaired function during daily activities or sports.