What is the organized timeline of a patient's active issues, including a recent middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke with aphasia, decreased level of consciousness (LOC), and right lower limb weakness, subacute infarct, pulmonary embolism (PE), urinary tract infection (UTI), and transaminitis?

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Chronological Timeline of Patient's Active Issues

Initial Presentation (Day 1)

  • Emergency Department presentation with acute neurological symptoms: aphasia, decreased level of consciousness, and right lower limb weakness 1
  • Initial imaging in Hafer Al-Batin: CT scan identified middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory involvement 2
  • Stroke onset: Approximately 2 weeks prior to current admission (subacute phase) 1

Diagnostic Confirmation (Day 1-2)

  • Brain MRI findings: Subacute infarct in the left parietal periventricular area, with stable imaging compared to prior studies 1
  • Stroke classification: Subacute stroke (two weeks since symptom onset) confirmed by neurology consultation 1
  • Multiple old strokes identified: Patient had been on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) prior to this event, raising concern for cardioembolic mechanism 1

Complication #1: Pulmonary Embolism (Day 2-3)

  • PE diagnosis: Most likely provoked by prolonged immobilization for 14 days following the recent stroke 1
  • Risk factors: Immobilization is a well-established risk factor for venous thromboembolism in stroke patients 1
  • Anticoagulation decision: Neurology confirmed mild bleeding risk and explained hemorrhagic transformation risk to family; family agreed to anticoagulation after risk-benefit discussion 1
  • Cardiology consultation: Recommended holding antiplatelet agents until cardiology evaluation to avoid triple therapy complications 1
  • Hematology referral: Planned for anticoagulation choice optimization 1

Complication #2: Urinary Tract Infection (Day 3-4)

  • UTI diagnosis: Hospital-acquired infection versus dehydration-related 1
  • Urinalysis: Suggestive of active infection 1
  • Urine culture results: 100,000 CFU/mL Escherichia coli, susceptible to Trimethoprim/Sulfa, Nitrofurantoin, Gentamicin, and Ceftriaxone 1
  • Treatment: Ciprofloxacin initiated, currently Day 6 of therapy 1
  • Context: UTIs occur in 15-60% of stroke patients and independently predict poor outcomes 1

Complication #3: Transaminitis (Day 4-5)

  • Initial AST elevation: 235 U/L 3
  • Suspected etiologies: Drug-induced (statin held) versus viral hepatitis 3
  • SARS-CoV-2 detected: Positive test suggests viral contribution to liver injury 3
  • Improving trend: AST decreased to 50 U/L, indicating resolution 3
  • Abdominal ultrasound findings: Intra- and extrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation identified, potentially contributing to transaminitis 3

Ongoing Workup and Management Plan

  • Comprehensive stroke workup recommended by neurology 1:

    • Echocardiography to evaluate for cardioembolic source
    • Prolonged cardiac monitoring (given multiple old strokes on DAPT suggesting possible paroxysmal atrial fibrillation)
    • Malignancy screening (multiple strokes despite antiplatelet therapy raises concern for hypercoagulable state or occult malignancy) 1
  • Anticoagulation strategy: Transition from DAPT to anticoagulation once cardiology approves, with close monitoring for hemorrhagic transformation 1

  • Infection management: Complete antibiotic course for UTI; monitor for hospital-acquired pneumonia given immobilization and dysphagia risk 1

  • Rehabilitation needs: Early mobilization critical to prevent further complications including additional VTE, pneumonia, and pressure injuries 1

References

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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