What is the dose and schedule of the OGS-12 (Osteosarcoma Chemotherapy Regimen) chemotherapy regimen for osteosarcoma?

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OGS-12 Chemotherapy Regimen Dosing and Schedule

The OGS-12 protocol consists of 8 cycles total (4 neoadjuvant, 4 adjuvant) using sequential doublets of doxorubicin 25 mg/m² days 1-3 plus cisplatin 100 mg/m² day 1, alternating with ifosfamide-based doublets, delivered over approximately 32-36 weeks. 1, 2

Detailed Dosing Schedule

Neoadjuvant Phase (4 cycles before surgery)

  • Cycle 1 & 3: Doxorubicin 25 mg/m² IV on days 1-3 + Cisplatin 100 mg/m² IV on day 1 1, 2
  • Cycle 2 & 4: Ifosfamide (specific dose not detailed in evidence, but part of sequential doublet strategy) 1, 2
  • Surgery is scheduled after completion of 4 neoadjuvant cycles 1, 2

Adjuvant Phase (4 cycles after surgery)

  • Same sequential doublet pattern repeated for 4 additional cycles using doxorubicin/cisplatin alternating with ifosfamide 1, 2
  • Total treatment duration: approximately 32-36 weeks for all 8 cycles 2

Key Advantages Over Standard Regimens

  • No high-dose methotrexate required, eliminating the need for mandatory inpatient pharmacokinetic monitoring, leucovorin rescue protocols, potential dialysis support, and complex serum level measurements 3, 2
  • Dose-dense delivery with better completion rates: 94% of patients completed all 6 cycles in comparable two-drug regimens versus only 51% completing multi-drug protocols 4
  • Outpatient administration feasible for most cycles, making it particularly suitable for resource-limited settings 2

Supportive Care Requirements

  • Rigorous IV hydration mandatory with cisplatin administration 5
  • Mesna required with ifosfamide to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis 6
  • Growth factor support should be considered given high rates of febrile neutropenia (51-56%) 1, 2
  • Antiemetic prophylaxis essential, particularly with cisplatin 4

Expected Outcomes

  • Histologic good response rate: 58-59% in non-metastatic disease, 56-57% in metastatic disease (defined as ≤10% viable tumor cells) 1, 2
  • 5-year survival in non-metastatic disease: Event-free survival 56-60%, overall survival 75-80% 2
  • 4-year survival in metastatic disease: Event-free survival 24-27%, overall survival 27-29% 1
  • These outcomes are comparable to international standards achieved with high-dose methotrexate-based MAP regimens 1, 2

Critical Toxicity Profile

  • Hematologic toxicity (most common): Febrile neutropenia 51-56%, grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia 22-36%, grade 3/4 anemia 47-54% 1, 2
  • Gastrointestinal toxicity: Grade 3/4 diarrhea and stomatitis in approximately 10% 2
  • Renal toxicity: Rare but serious; one case of grade 4 acute kidney injury requiring dialysis reported 2
  • Chemotherapy-related mortality: Approximately 1% (2 deaths in 317 patients) 2

Essential Clinical Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Surgery remains mandatory for cure: Without complete surgical resection of primary tumor and metastases, disease is almost universally fatal despite chemotherapy 7, 5
  • Aggressive metastasectomy should be pursued even with single metastases after chemotherapy response, as approximately 30% of metastatic patients achieve long-term survival with complete resection 7, 3
  • Histologic response is the strongest predictor of event-free and overall survival in both metastatic and non-metastatic disease 1, 2
  • Nutritional optimization is critical as 34% of patients in the original cohort were nutritionally challenged at baseline 2

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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