What does it mean if Hepatitis B (HB) surface antibody (HBsAb) is reactive, HB surface antigen (HBsAg) is non-reactive, and HB core total antibody (HBcAb) is non-reactive?

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Last updated: November 17, 2025View editorial policy

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Hepatitis B Serologic Pattern: Immunity from Vaccination

Your serologic pattern (HBsAg non-reactive, HBsAb reactive, HBcAb non-reactive) indicates immunity to hepatitis B virus from successful vaccination. 1, 2

What This Pattern Means

  • You are immune to hepatitis B infection through vaccination rather than natural infection, as confirmed by the presence of HBsAb without HBcAb. 1, 3

  • You are not currently infected with hepatitis B virus, as evidenced by the negative HBsAg. 1, 2

  • You cannot transmit hepatitis B to others because you have no active infection. 2

  • You have never had a natural hepatitis B infection, which is distinguished by the absence of HBcAb (core antibody). 3 The presence of HBsAb alone, without HBcAb, specifically indicates vaccine-derived immunity rather than immunity from past infection. 3

Clinical Significance

  • Protective immunity is confirmed when HBsAb levels are ≥10 mIU/mL, which is the threshold used by commercial assays to indicate protection. 3

  • No treatment or vaccination is needed because you already have protective immunity. 1, 2

  • This immunity is durable due to immunologic memory that persists even if antibody levels decline over time. 4 Studies demonstrate that vaccine-induced memory B lymphocytes continue to provide protection for 5-12 years or longer, even when antibody levels fall below detectable thresholds. 4

Special Considerations for Immunosuppression

  • If you require immunosuppressive therapy (such as chemotherapy, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies like rituximab, or high-dose corticosteroids), you should be monitored for potential loss of immunity. 1, 2

  • HBV reactivation risk is minimal in your case because you lack HBcAb, meaning you have no prior natural infection that could reactivate. 1, 5 The 3-45% reactivation risk applies specifically to patients who are HBcAb-positive, not to those with vaccine-derived immunity alone. 1, 3

  • Routine booster vaccination is not recommended for healthy individuals with vaccine-derived immunity, as immunologic memory provides ongoing protection independent of measurable antibody levels. 4

When Additional Testing May Be Needed

  • Periodic monitoring of HBsAb levels may be considered if you are a healthcare worker or have ongoing high-risk exposures to hepatitis B. 2

  • Postvaccination testing would have been indicated if you had chronic liver disease or advanced immunosuppression at the time of vaccination, due to lower seroconversion rates in these populations. 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Interpretation of Hepatitis B and C Serology Results

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Antibody Interpretation

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Interpretation of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Non-reactive & Reactive Hepatitis B Core Antibody

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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