From the Research
Introduction to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Blood Test
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a neoplasm of immature myeloid cells, associated with various clinical presentations, morphological features, immunophenotypes, and genetic findings 1. The diagnosis and classification of AML are crucial steps in patient management, requiring the incorporation of history, clinical presentation, and laboratory results.
Purpose of AML Blood Test
The AML blood test is used to diagnose and classify AML, as well as to monitor patients after beginning treatment 2. The test involves the analysis of peripheral blood or bone marrow samples to detect the presence of myeloid blasts and to identify specific genetic mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities.
Components of AML Blood Test
The AML blood test includes:
- Morphologic evaluation of bone marrow aspirate and/or core biopsy
- Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and/or immunohistochemistry
- Cytogenetic analysis by karyotyping and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization
- Molecular testing using gene panels and/or next-generation sequencing 1
Interpretation of AML Blood Test Results
The results of the AML blood test are used to classify AML into different subtypes, which differ in prognosis and treatment 1. The test results are also used to identify specific genetic mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities that may be associated with a higher risk of relapse or resistance to treatment.
Treatment and Management of AML
The treatment and management of AML depend on the specific subtype and the presence of certain genetic mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities 3. The treatment options may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or stem cell transplantation. The dosing and duration of treatment vary depending on the specific treatment protocol and the patient's response to treatment.
Differentials and Caveats
The diagnosis of AML should be differentiated from other types of leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes 4. The test results should be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical presentation and medical history. The presence of certain genetic mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities may affect the prognosis and treatment of AML.
Monitoring and Follow-up
After beginning treatment, patients with AML require regular monitoring and follow-up to assess their response to treatment and to detect any signs of relapse 2. The monitoring may include regular blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and molecular testing to detect minimal residual disease.