What are the recommended dosages of ceftazidime (Ceftazidime)/avibactam and aztreonam for adults with bacterial infections?

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Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam Dosing for Adults

Ceftazidime-Avibactam Standard Dosing

The standard adult dose of ceftazidime-avibactam is 2.5 grams (ceftazidime 2 grams and avibactam 0.5 grams) administered intravenously every 8 hours over 2 hours in patients with creatinine clearance greater than 50 mL/min. 1

Indication-Specific Dosing and Duration

  • Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI): 2.5 grams IV every 8 hours for 5-14 days, must be given concurrently with metronidazole 500 mg IV every 8 hours to provide anaerobic coverage 2, 1

  • Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including pyelonephritis: 2.5 grams IV every 8 hours for 7-14 days 2, 3, 1

  • Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP): 2.5 grams IV every 8 hours for 7-14 days 2, 1

  • Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections: 2.5 grams IV every 8 hours, with duration dependent on infection site and severity 3

Critical Combination Therapy Consideration

For metallo-β-lactamase-producing CRE, ceftazidime-avibactam combined with aztreonam is recommended, showing significantly lower 30-day mortality (19.2% vs 44%, P=0.007) compared to other antimicrobial agents. 3 This combination is necessary because ceftazidime-avibactam is not effective against metallo-β-lactamases but aztreonam is, while avibactam protects aztreonam from other β-lactamases.

Aztreonam Standard Dosing

The standard adult dose of aztreonam is 1-2 grams IV every 6-8 hours. 4

Specific Clinical Contexts

  • Gram-negative enteric bacilli infections: Aztreonam 1-2 grams every 6-8 hours, typically combined with an aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin depending on susceptibility) 4

  • When combined with ceftazidime-avibactam for metallo-β-lactamase producers: Standard dosing of 1-2 grams every 6-8 hours is appropriate, though specific combination dosing protocols may vary by institution 3

Renal Dose Adjustments

Dose adjustments are required for both agents when creatinine clearance is ≤50 mL/min. 1, 5 The FDA label specifies that ceftazidime-avibactam requires reductions in both dose quantity and/or administration interval for patients with renal impairment, though specific adjusted doses should follow manufacturer guidelines based on exact creatinine clearance values 1.

Important Clinical Caveats

Resistance Development Risk

  • Emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam resistance has been reported in carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae, particularly with prior drug administration and mutations in the bla KPC-3 gene. 2, 3

  • For KPC-3 producing organisms, combination therapy with a carbapenem or colistin may be considered to prevent resistance development 3

Carbapenemase Type Matters

  • The CDC recommends determining the carbapenemase type and/or ceftazidime-avibactam susceptibility before initiating treatment whenever possible. 3

  • Ceftazidime-avibactam is effective against serine carbapenemases (KPC and OXA-48) but not against metallo-β-lactamases (NDM, VIM, IMP), which require the addition of aztreonam 3

Monotherapy vs Combination

  • For most E. coli infections sensitive to ceftazidime-avibactam, monotherapy is appropriate except for cIAI requiring anaerobic coverage with metronidazole 2

  • Evidence for combination therapy in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales is insufficient, though some experts suggest potential benefit in severe pneumonia 2

References

Guideline

Ceftazidime-Avibactam Treatment Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Ceftazidime-Avibactam for Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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