What are the causes of xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and xerosis (dry skin)?

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Differential Diagnosis for Dry Eyes and Skin

  • Single most likely diagnosis:
    • Blepharitis and Eczema/Dermatitis: These conditions are common and often present with symptoms of dry eyes and skin. Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids that can cause dry, itchy eyes, while eczema/dermatitis can lead to dry, itchy skin.
  • Other Likely diagnoses:
    • Sjögren's Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dry eyes and skin due to inflammation of the glands that produce tears and saliva.
    • Hypothyroidism: A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones, which can lead to dry skin and eyes.
    • Vitamin Deficiencies (e.g., Vitamin A, B, or D): Deficiencies in certain vitamins can cause dry eyes and skin.
    • Environmental Factors (e.g., Dry Air, Wind): Prolonged exposure to dry air or wind can dry out the eyes and skin.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
    • Sarcoidosis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause dry eyes and skin, as well as more severe complications if left untreated.
    • Lymphoma: A type of cancer that can cause dry eyes and skin, among other symptoms.
    • Tuberculosis: A bacterial infection that can cause dry eyes and skin, as well as more severe complications if left untreated.
  • Rare diagnoses:
    • Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD): A rare condition that can occur after a bone marrow transplant, causing dry eyes and skin.
    • Steven-Johnson Syndrome: A rare and severe skin condition that can cause dry eyes and skin, as well as more severe complications.
    • Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A rare condition that causes dry eyes due to a lack of tear production.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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