Is ceftazidime (Ceftazidime) avibactam effective in treating neurosurgical meningitis?

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Ceftazidime-Avibactam for Neurosurgical Meningitis

Ceftazidime-avibactam is effective for neurosurgical meningitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (particularly KPC-producing organisms) and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with documented CSF penetration achieving therapeutic concentrations and successful clinical outcomes in case series. 1, 2, 3

Spectrum of Activity and Mechanism

Ceftazidime-avibactam restores antibacterial activity against Ambler class A (including KPC), class C (AmpC), and some class D enzymes (OXA-48), but does NOT inhibit class B metallo-β-lactamases (NDM, VIM, IMP). 4 This limitation is critical—if your neurosurgical meningitis is caused by an NDM-producing organism, ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy will fail. 5, 6

Evidence for CNS Infections

Pharmacokinetic Data Supporting Use

  • CSF concentrations of ceftazidime range from 2-30 μg/mL following 2g IV doses, with higher concentrations achieved in inflamed meninges (mean 9.8 μg/mL at 120 minutes). 7, 8

  • Therapeutic drug monitoring in three patients with healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis demonstrated CSF ceftazidime concentrations of 15.0-29.0 μg/mL and avibactam concentrations of 0.92-4.20 μg/mL using standard 2.5g IV q8h dosing. 3 Avibactam maintained concentrations ≥1 μg/mL throughout the dosing interval in 11 of 12 CSF samples. 3

  • In a pediatric case, CSF concentrations measured 3,5, and 7 hours post-dose were 15.6,7.1, and 3.5 μg/mL (ceftazidime) and 4.0,2.1, and 1.2 μg/mL (avibactam), achieving adequate concentrations throughout the drug interval. 1

Clinical Outcomes

  • All three patients with KPC-producing Enterobacterales or DTR Pseudomonas aeruginosa neurosurgical meningitis treated with ceftazidime-avibactam 2.5g IV q8h achieved both microbiologic and clinical cure. 3 The MICs were 0.25/4 μg/mL for KPC-Klebsiella and KPC-Enterobacter, and 4/4 μg/mL for DTR Pseudomonas. 3

  • A 4-year-old with post-neurosurgical meningitis and abscess caused by ESBL-producing E. coli was successfully treated with ceftazidime-avibactam, demonstrating efficacy in pediatric CNS infections. 1

  • Two cases of cervical osteomyelitis and one meningitis due to XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa were successfully treated with ceftazidime-avibactam-based regimens following neurosurgical procedures. 2

Recommended Dosing Strategy

Use ceftazidime-avibactam 2.5g IV every 8 hours as standard or extended infusion for neurosurgical meningitis. 3 The FDA-approved indication includes CNS infections caused by susceptible organisms including Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis for ceftazidime. 7

Critical Decision Algorithm

Step 1: Identify the Carbapenemase Type

  • If KPC, ESBL, AmpC, or OXA-48 producer → Use ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy 2.5g IV q8h. 4, 3
  • If metallo-β-lactamase producer (NDM, VIM, IMP) → Add aztreonam to ceftazidime-avibactam. 4, 5, 6 The combination demonstrates 19.2% vs 44% 30-day mortality compared to other regimens for MBL-producing CRE bloodstream infections. 4, 6
  • If carbapenemase type unknown and patient critically ill → Start ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam empirically until susceptibilities return. 9

Step 2: Monitor for Treatment Failure

  • Obtain repeat CSF cultures if clinical deterioration occurs within 48-72 hours, as 3.8-10.4% of patients develop ceftazidime-avibactam resistance during treatment of KPC-producing organisms. 6
  • One case developed resistance to ceftolozane-tazobactam during therapy, requiring switch to ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam. 2

Step 3: Consider Combination Therapy Selectively

  • Combination therapy with aminoglycosides, colistin, carbapenem, fosfomycin, or tigecycline shows no mortality benefit over monotherapy in general CRE infections, but may reduce mortality in severely ill patients. 4
  • For XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa neurosurgical infections, combinations with aztreonam, meropenem plus amikacin, or fosfomycin have been used successfully. 2

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Do NOT use ceftazidime-avibactam alone for NDM-producing organisms—it will fail due to lack of MBL inhibition. 4, 5, 6 Always add aztreonam in this scenario. 4, 9

  • Do NOT assume adequate CSF penetration without considering meningeal inflammation—concentrations are higher with inflamed meninges. 7, 8

  • Do NOT use standard ceftazidime or cefepime empirically for suspected Acinetobacter meningitis—pharmacodynamic modeling shows these achieve targets in <10% of contemporary isolates. 10

  • Do NOT remove external ventricular drains or other neurosurgical hardware prematurely—hardware removal plus intraventricular antibiotics may be necessary for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter. 10

Safety Profile

No differences in frequency or profile of adverse effects including hepatic, renal, and coagulation parameters were observed between ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator groups in CRE bloodstream infection studies. 4 Ceftazidime is eliminated 80-90% unchanged by the kidneys, requiring dose adjustment in renal impairment. 7

Comparative Context

For carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections, ceftazidime-avibactam demonstrates significantly higher microbiological eradication and clinical cure rates compared to other antimicrobial regimens, with lower 30-day mortality in several studies. 4 While these data are primarily from bloodstream infections rather than CNS infections specifically, the documented CSF penetration and successful case reports support extrapolation to neurosurgical meningitis. 1, 2, 3

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Treatment of Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Treatment of NDM-Producing Bacterial Infections

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Treatment of Severe Infections Caused by Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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