What are the symptoms of Bell's palsy (Idiopathic Facial Paralysis)?

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From the Guidelines

Bell's palsy symptoms include facial paresis or paralysis, dryness of the eye or mouth, taste disturbance or loss, hyperacusis, and sagging of the eyelid or corner of the mouth, with ipsilateral pain around the ear or face being a common presenting symptom.

Common Symptoms

  • Facial paresis (incomplete ability to move the face) or paralysis (complete inability to move the face) [@\1@, @\2@]
  • Dryness of the eye or mouth
  • Taste disturbance or loss
  • Hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to sound)
  • Sagging of the eyelid or corner of the mouth
  • Ipsilateral pain around the ear or face

Important Considerations

  • The symptoms of Bell's palsy typically develop rapidly, within less than 72 hours [@\1@, @\2@]
  • The condition is often self-limited, with most patients showing some recovery without intervention within 2 to 3 weeks after onset of symptoms [@\1@]
  • Approximately 70% of patients with complete paralysis and 94% of patients with incomplete paralysis recover completely within 6 months [@\1@]

From the Research

Symptoms of Bell's Palsy

The symptoms of Bell's palsy, also known as idiopathic facial paralysis, include:

  • Unilateral facial weakness or paralysis, which can result in the inability to close the eyelids, smile, or whistle 1
  • Muscle weakness on one side of the face, with forehead involvement and no other neurologic abnormalities 2
  • Abrupt onset with complete, unilateral facial weakness at 24 to 72 hours 3
  • Numbness or pain around the ear 3
  • Reduction in taste 3
  • Hypersensitivity to sounds 3
  • Incomplete eyelid closure with resultant dry eye, a common short-term complication 2
  • Permanent facial weakness with muscle contractures, a less common long-term complication 2
  • Mild pain, numbness, increased sensitivity to sound, and altered taste 4

Characteristics of Bell's Palsy

Bell's palsy is characterized by:

  • An acute, unilateral, partial, or complete paralysis of the face (i.e., lower motor neurone pattern) 4
  • Sudden onset, with symptoms typically peaking in the first week and then gradually resolving over three weeks to three months 2
  • Affecting one side of the face, with no other neurologic abnormalities 2
  • More common in patients with diabetes, and although it can affect persons of any age, incidence peaks in the 40s 2

References

Research

Diagnosis and management of Bell's palsy.

General dentistry, 2011

Research

Bell's palsy: diagnosis and management.

American family physician, 2007

Research

When is facial paralysis Bell palsy? Current diagnosis and treatment.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2005

Research

Bell's palsy.

BMJ clinical evidence, 2011

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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