From the Guidelines
The thyroid and parathyroid glands are two distinct endocrine glands with different functions, where the thyroid regulates metabolism, growth, and development, and the parathyroid glands maintain proper calcium balance for nerve and muscle function, blood clotting, and bone health. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck that produces hormones (T3 and T4) which affect nearly every cell in the body, controlling how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and responds to other hormones 1. On the other hand, the parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which specifically regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood and bones 1. Some key differences between the two glands include:
- Location: The thyroid is located in the front of the neck, while the parathyroid glands are located behind the thyroid.
- Function: The thyroid regulates metabolism, growth, and development, while the parathyroid glands maintain proper calcium balance.
- Hormones: The thyroid produces T3 and T4, while the parathyroid glands produce PTH.
- Disorders: Disorders of the thyroid include hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, while parathyroid disorders primarily involve calcium imbalances, such as secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease 1. In terms of treatment, parathyroid disorders such as secondary hyperparathyroidism can be treated with medications targeting calcium levels or surgical removal of problematic glands, with total parathyroidectomy (TPTX) being a recommended approach in some cases 1. It's worth noting that the choice of surgical approach for parathyroid disorders is controversial, and the decision should be made on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the individual patient's needs and medical history 1. Overall, understanding the differences between the thyroid and parathyroid glands is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to these glands.