What are the uses of tofacitinib (Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor) ointment?

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Tofacitinib Ointment Uses

Tofacitinib ointment is NOT commercially available or FDA-approved in any topical formulation—only oral tofacitinib is approved for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. 1 However, topical tofacitinib has been investigated in clinical trials for dermatologic conditions.

Investigational Topical Use (Not FDA-Approved)

Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

  • A phase 2a randomized controlled trial evaluated 2% tofacitinib ointment applied twice daily for 4 weeks to a 300 cm² treatment area in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis 2
  • One formulation (ointment 1) demonstrated statistically significant improvement with 54.4% reduction in Target Plaque Severity Score versus 41.5% for vehicle 2
  • Secondary endpoints including target plaque area and itch severity showed similar improvements 2
  • The treatment was well-tolerated with minimal systemic absorption, and all adverse events were mild or moderate 2
  • No serious adverse events or discontinuations occurred, with only one application-site reaction (erythema) reported 2

Important Clinical Context

Oral Tofacitinib in Dermatology

While topical formulations remain investigational, oral tofacitinib has demonstrated efficacy in dermatologic conditions:

  • Psoriasis: Oral tofacitinib 5-10 mg twice daily showed superiority over placebo at week 16, though PASI response rates (43% PASI75 in methotrexate-inadequate responders, 21% in TNF-inhibitor failures at 10 mg twice daily) are numerically lower than IL-17/IL-23 inhibitors 1, 3
  • Off-label dermatologic uses: Oral tofacitinib is being explored for atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo, though these remain off-label indications 4, 5

Critical Safety Considerations

  • Oral tofacitinib carries FDA black box warnings for major adverse cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolism, malignancies, and death based on data from rheumatoid arthritis patients ≥50 years with cardiovascular risk factors 6, 3
  • These warnings apply to the oral formulation; topical formulations showed minimal systemic absorption in trials 2

Clinical Bottom Line

If you are seeking tofacitinib ointment for clinical use, it is not available—only oral formulations are approved. 1 The topical formulation studied in psoriasis trials showed promise but has not progressed to FDA approval or commercial availability. 2 For dermatologic conditions, consider FDA-approved topical therapies or discuss oral JAK inhibitors (upadacitinib, abrocitinib, baricitinib) approved for atopic dermatitis, recognizing that oral tofacitinib remains off-label for most dermatologic indications. 1, 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

JAK Inhibitors in Autoimmune Diseases

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Oral Tofacitinib: Contemporary Appraisal of Its Role in Dermatology.

Indian dermatology online journal, 2019

Research

Off-label studies on tofacitinib in dermatology: a review.

The Journal of dermatological treatment, 2021

Guideline

Role of JAK Inhibitors in Skin Lesions

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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