What is the differential diagnosis (Ddx) for a growing oral plaque on the tongue associated with a burning sensation?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: February 13, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis for Growing Oral Plaque on the Tongue

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Oral Thrush (Candidiasis): This is the most likely diagnosis due to the description of a growing oral plaque on the tongue, which is a common presentation of oral thrush. The burning sensation can also be attributed to the infection.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Oral Lichen Planus: This condition can cause white patches or plaques on the tongue and mucous membranes, and may be accompanied by a burning sensation.
  • Leukoplakia: A condition characterized by white patches or plaques on the mucous membranes, which can be caused by chronic irritation or other factors.
  • Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: A condition that causes white patches on the tongue, often associated with immunocompromised states, such as HIV/AIDS.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Although less likely, it is crucial to rule out oral cancer, as it can present with similar symptoms, including a growing plaque or lesion on the tongue.
  • Lymphoma: Certain types of lymphoma can manifest in the oral cavity, and a thorough evaluation is necessary to exclude this possibility.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Pemphigus Vulgaris: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause blisters and erosions on the mucous membranes, including the tongue.
  • Oral Pseudomembranous Candidiasis: A rare condition characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane on the oral mucosa, which can be associated with a burning sensation.
  • Histoplasmosis: A rare fungal infection that can cause oral lesions, including plaques or ulcers on the tongue.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.