What should be included in a note for a patient prescribed controlled substances, such as (Central Nervous System) CNS depressants, to indicate appropriate use and minimize risk of misuse?

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Last updated: December 11, 2025View editorial policy

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Documentation Template for Controlled Substance Prescription

This patient is being prescribed [medication name and dose] for [indication], with appropriate safeguards in place to minimize risks of misuse, diversion, and overdose.


Clinical Assessment and Justification

Indication: Patient presents with [specific condition] requiring controlled substance management. The therapeutic objective is [specific goal]. 1

Risk Assessment: Patient has been evaluated for risk of addiction, abuse, and misuse prior to prescribing. No current evidence of aberrant drug-related behaviors, substance use disorder, or diversion risk identified at this time. 2, 1

Physical Examination: No signs of intoxication, impaired consciousness, or respiratory compromise noted. Vital signs stable. 1


Patient Education Provided

Safe Use Counseling: Patient counseled on:

  • Proper dosing schedule and administration instructions 2
  • Risks of addiction, abuse, misuse, respiratory depression, and overdose 1
  • Absolute prohibition of concurrent alcohol or benzodiazepine use without explicit medical supervision 3, 1
  • Signs and symptoms of overdose including severe drowsiness, slowed breathing, and unresponsiveness 2
  • Importance of taking medication exactly as prescribed without dose escalation 1

Safe Storage: Patient instructed to store medication in secure location away from children and individuals at risk of misuse. Discussed use of lock boxes if household members have substance use history. 2

Naloxone Education: Patient and family educated on opioid overdose recognition and naloxone administration. Naloxone rescue kit prescribed and dispensing instructions provided. 2

Drug Interactions: Patient counseled to avoid all CNS depressants including alcohol, benzodiazepines, sedatives, and muscle relaxants unless explicitly approved by prescriber due to risk of fatal respiratory depression. 2, 1


Treatment Agreement and Monitoring Plan

Controlled Substance Agreement: Patient has reviewed, understands, and signed controlled substance treatment agreement outlining:

  • Single prescriber and single pharmacy requirements 2
  • Expectations for appropriate medication use 2
  • Consequences of aberrant behaviors 2
  • Agreement to random urine drug testing 2
  • No early refills or replacement of lost/stolen medications 2

Monitoring Strategy:

  • Follow-up scheduled in [timeframe] to assess therapeutic response and monitor for adverse effects 2
  • Urine drug testing will be performed at regular intervals to confirm medication adherence and screen for illicit substances 2
  • Prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) checked prior to prescribing 2

Safety Precautions Documented

Contraindications Reviewed: No evidence of acute/severe respiratory depression, unmonitored severe asthma, paralytic ileus, or hypersensitivity to opioids. 1

High-Risk Conditions Assessed: Patient screened for chronic pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, renal/hepatic impairment, increased intracranial pressure, circulatory shock, and adrenal insufficiency. 1

Pregnancy/Reproductive Counseling: [If applicable] Patient counseled on risks of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome with prolonged use during pregnancy. 1

Disposal Instructions: Patient instructed on proper disposal methods for unused medication to prevent accidental ingestion or diversion. Poison control number (1-800-222-1222) provided. 2


Prescription Details

  • Medication: [Name, strength, formulation]
  • Quantity: [Specific number of units]
  • Directions: [Exact dosing instructions]
  • Refills: [Number, if any]
  • Pharmacy: [Single designated pharmacy name]

Prescriber attestation: Benefits of opioid therapy assessed to outweigh risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse for this patient at this time. Will monitor regularly for development of problematic behaviors. 1

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Alcohol Consumption and Opioid Detoxification Risks

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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