What is the starting dose of Nitroglycerin (NTG) in ml/hour for a 50ml infusion pump?

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Starting Nitroglycerin Infusion: Practical Dosing Guide

Start nitroglycerin at 5-10 mcg/min (0.3-0.6 mL/hour for a 50 mL infusion at 100 mcg/mL concentration) when using non-absorbing tubing, and titrate upward by 5-10 mcg/min every 3-5 minutes based on blood pressure and symptom response. 1

Concentration Preparation

  • Standard concentration: Mix 50 mg nitroglycerin in 500 mL D5W or normal saline to yield 100 mcg/mL 1
  • Alternative concentration: Mix 5 mg in 100 mL to yield 50 mcg/mL 1
  • For your 50 mL pump: Use 5 mg nitroglycerin in 50 mL = 100 mcg/mL concentration 1
  • Maximum concentration should not exceed 400 mcg/mL 1

Initial Dosing Algorithm

Starting dose depends on clinical indication and blood pressure:

For Acute Coronary Syndrome or Pulmonary Edema (SBP >110 mmHg):

  • Start at 5 mcg/min (3 mL/hour at 100 mcg/mL) using non-absorbing tubing 2, 1
  • If using older PVC tubing, start at 10-20 mcg/min due to drug absorption 2, 1

For Hypertensive Emergency:

  • Start at 5 mcg/min (3 mL/hour) 2
  • Increase by 5 mcg/min every 3-5 minutes 2
  • Maximum dose typically 20 mcg/min for this indication 2

For Unstable Angina or Heart Failure:

  • Start at 10-20 mcg/min (6-12 mL/hour) 2
  • Increase by 5-10 mcg/min every 3-5 minutes 2

Titration Strategy

Increase dose systematically based on response:

  • At doses <20 mcg/min: Increase by 5 mcg/min every 3-5 minutes 2, 1
  • At doses 20-100 mcg/min: Increase by 10 mcg/min increments 2, 1
  • At doses >100 mcg/min: Increase by 20 mcg/min increments 2, 1
  • Slow titration once partial blood pressure response achieved 2, 1

Maximum Dosing

  • Standard maximum: 200 mcg/min (120 mL/hour at 100 mcg/mL) 2, 3
  • Extended maximum: Up to 400 mcg/min may be used with careful monitoring in refractory cases 3, 1
  • Most patients respond adequately at doses <100 mcg/min 1

Blood Pressure Targets and Safety

Critical blood pressure parameters:

  • **Avoid if SBP <90 mmHg** or >30 mmHg below baseline 2, 3
  • Target SBP >110 mmHg in previously normotensive patients 2, 3
  • In hypertensive patients: Do not reduce mean arterial pressure by >25% in first hour 2, 3
  • Consider arterial line for doses >100 mcg/min or borderline blood pressure 2, 3

Conversion Table for 50 mL Pump (100 mcg/mL concentration)

Dose (mcg/min) mL/hour
5 mcg/min 3 mL/hour
10 mcg/min 6 mL/hour
20 mcg/min 12 mL/hour
40 mcg/min 24 mL/hour
60 mcg/min 36 mL/hour
100 mcg/min 60 mL/hour (requires new bag)
200 mcg/min 120 mL/hour (requires new bag)

Critical Clinical Considerations

Absolute contraindications:

  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitor use within 24 hours (sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil) 2
  • Volume depletion 2
  • Right ventricular infarction 3
  • Severe aortic stenosis 2, 3

Common pitfalls:

  • Tachyphylaxis develops after 24-48 hours of continuous infusion, requiring dose increases 2, 3
  • Hypersensitive patients may respond fully to 5 mcg/min; monitor closely 1
  • Headache is common but usually manageable 2, 3
  • Flush infusion set when changing concentrations to avoid delayed effect 1

Monitoring Requirements

  • Continuous blood pressure monitoring (non-invasive acceptable initially) 2, 3
  • Heart rate and rhythm 2
  • Oxygen saturation 2
  • Urine output 2
  • Symptoms (dyspnea, chest pain) 2
  • Consider arterial line if SBP 90-110 mmHg or doses >100 mcg/min 2, 3

When to Transition Off IV Therapy

  • After 12-24 hours symptom-free, attempt dose reduction 2
  • Switch to oral/topical nitrates with nitrate-free intervals to prevent tolerance 2
  • Do not continue IV nitroglycerin in patients free of ischemic symptoms 2

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Nitroglycerin Dosing in Critical Care Settings

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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