What are the FDA-approved medications for treating bipolar disorder?

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Last updated: December 24, 2025View editorial policy

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FDA-Approved Medications for Bipolar Disorder

Acute Mania/Mixed Episodes

Lithium is FDA-approved for acute mania and maintenance therapy in patients age 12 and older, representing the only FDA-approved agent specifically for bipolar disorder in adolescents. 1, 2

Atypical Antipsychotics Approved for Acute Mania

  • Aripiprazole - FDA-approved for acute mania in adults 1, 3
  • Olanzapine - FDA-approved for acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, both as monotherapy and as adjunct to lithium or valproate 4
  • Risperidone - FDA-approved for acute mania in adults 1, 3
  • Quetiapine - FDA-approved for acute treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, both as monotherapy and as adjunct to lithium or divalproex 5, 6
  • Ziprasidone - FDA-approved for acute mania in adults 1, 7
  • Asenapine - FDA-approved for acute mania 8
  • Cariprazine - FDA-approved for acute mania 8

Traditional Mood Stabilizers

  • Valproate (Divalproex) - FDA-approved for acute mania in adults 3

Bipolar Depression

The olanzapine-fluoxetine combination is FDA-approved for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. 4, 9

Additional FDA-Approved Options for Bipolar Depression

  • Quetiapine - FDA-approved as monotherapy for acute treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder 5, 9
  • Lurasidone - FDA-approved as monotherapy and as adjunct to lithium or divalproex for bipolar depression 8, 9

Important caveat: Olanzapine monotherapy is NOT FDA-approved for treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. 4

Maintenance Treatment

Lithium is FDA-approved for maintenance therapy in bipolar disorder, with superior evidence for long-term efficacy in preventing both manic and depressive episodes. 1, 2

Atypical Antipsychotics Approved for Maintenance

  • Olanzapine - FDA-approved for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder 4
  • Aripiprazole - FDA-approved for maintenance therapy 7
  • Quetiapine - FDA-approved for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder as adjunct to lithium or divalproex 5

Anticonvulsants

  • Lamotrigine - FDA-approved for maintenance therapy in adults with bipolar I disorder, particularly effective for preventing depressive episodes 1, 3

Acute Agitation

Olanzapine intramuscular is FDA-approved for treatment of acute agitation associated with schizophrenia and bipolar I mania. 4

Critical Clinical Considerations

  • Antidepressant monotherapy is NOT FDA-approved and should be avoided due to risk of mood destabilization and triggering manic episodes 1, 2, 3
  • When antidepressants are necessary for bipolar depression, they must always be combined with a mood stabilizer (lithium or valproate) 1, 3
  • Haloperidol is FDA-approved for bipolar mania but should not be first-line due to inferior tolerability and higher extrapyramidal symptoms risk 1, 3

References

Guideline

First-Line Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

First-Line Medication for Female with Bipolar Disorder in Manic Episode

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Pharmacological Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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