From the Research
Causes of Cytoplasmic DNA
- Cytoplasmic DNA can be caused by various factors, including the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain double-stranded DNA, which can be transferred to other cells and trigger a DNA damage response 1.
- Autophagy can also regulate cytoplasmic DNA accumulation, and its inhibition can lead to the accumulation of cytoplasmic DNA, activating the STING pathway and inducing cell death 1.
- External factors, such as exposure to carcinogens, can also contribute to the formation of cytoplasmic DNA, leading to DNA damage and potentially cancer development 2.
- Self-cytoplasmic DNA can also upregulate the mutator enzyme APOBEC3A, leading to chromosomal DNA damage and potentially driving cells towards cancer 3.
Sources of Cytoplasmic DNA
- Cytoplasmic DNA can originate from various sources, including mitochondrial DNA, which can be recognized by DNA sensor molecules and trigger the production of type I interferons 3.
- Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA species can also be formed through various mechanisms, including the breakdown of cellular components, and can contribute to inflammation and disease development 4.
Role of Cytoplasmic DNA in Disease
- Cytoplasmic DNA has been implicated in the development of various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and lung diseases, by triggering immune responses and activating signaling pathways 5, 4.
- The accumulation of cytoplasmic DNA can also contribute to aging and age-associated diseases, highlighting the need for further research into the mechanisms of cytoplasmic DNA formation and function 4.