From the Research
Definition and Role of Cytoplasmic DNA
- Cytoplasmic DNA (cytoDNA) refers to DNA species found in the cytoplasm of cells, which can play a key role in mediating inflammation in various physiological and pathological contexts 1.
- The presence of cytoplasmic DNA has been implicated in the development of inflammatory diseases and cancer, including COVID-19 and lung carcinoma 2.
- Cytoplasmic DNA can accumulate in malignant cells and contribute to anti-cancer drug- or radiotherapy-mediated DNA damage response and replication stress 3.
Sources and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic DNA
- Cytoplasmic DNA can originate from various sources, including external factors or mutations of key genes in the organism 2.
- Autophagy can regulate cytoplasmic DNA accumulation and subsequent redistribution into extracellular vesicles (EVs) 3.
- Cytoplasmic DNA can activate the STING pathway, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing cell viability 3.
Role of Cytoplasmic DNA in Disease
- Cytoplasmic DNA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, where it can activate the AIM2 inflammasome and trigger innate immune signaling pathways 4.
- The cGAS-STING axis can recognize cytosolic RNA:DNA hybrids, leading to the induction of an antiviral immune response 5.
- Manipulation of cytoplasmic DNA dynamics can be a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases such as myeloid leukemias 3.