From the FDA Drug Label
Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and includes: a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal Dependence Both tolerance and physical dependence can develop during chronic opioid therapy.
The substances classified as low to moderate risk of physical dependence and high psychological dependence are known as Schedule III controlled substances, however the provided text does not explicitly state this classification for hydrocodone. Hydrocodone is an opioid, and opioids can cause physical dependence and psychological dependence 1.
From the Research
Controlled substances classified as low to moderate risk of physical dependence and high psychological dependence are known as Schedule III drugs. These substances have accepted medical uses but still present potential for abuse, though less than Schedule I or II drugs. Examples of Schedule III substances include certain products containing lower doses of codeine, ketamine, anabolic steroids, and some barbiturates. The classification reflects the understanding that while these medications may not cause severe physical withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, they can create significant psychological cravings and habitual use patterns. This balance of moderate physical dependence risk with higher psychological dependence potential requires these substances to be regulated with prescriptions, though with fewer restrictions than Schedule II drugs. Healthcare providers can typically prescribe these medications with refills permitted, but still must monitor patients for signs of misuse or developing dependence.
According to the most recent study 2, anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a class of hormones that are widely abused for their muscle-building and strength-increasing properties in high, nontherapeutic, dosages. The study provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview on how these hormones work and what side effects they might elicit.
Some key points to consider when prescribing Schedule III substances include:
- Monitoring patients for signs of misuse or developing dependence
- Prescribing these medications with refills permitted, but with fewer restrictions than Schedule II drugs
- Being aware of the potential side effects of AAS, such as acne vulgaris, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, dyslipidemia, testosterone deficiency, erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia, and cardiomyopathy
- Considering treatment options and self-medication practices of AAS users to counteract these side effects, as mentioned in the study 2.
Overall, the classification of controlled substances as Schedule III drugs reflects the need for a balance between their potential medical benefits and their potential for abuse. By understanding the risks and benefits of these substances, healthcare providers can make informed decisions about their use and minimize the risk of misuse or dependence.