From the Research
No, pores in the skin do not physically "open" and "close" like doors, as they are fixed structures containing hair follicles and sebaceous glands. The appearance of pores can change due to various factors such as clogging with oil, dead skin cells, or dirt, or when the skin is warm and the sebaceous glands produce more oil 1. When skin is cold or exposed to astringents, pores may appear smaller as blood vessels constrict and oil production decreases, but they don't actually close.
Some key factors that contribute to the appearance of enlarged pores include:
- Excessive sebum
- Decreased elasticity around pores
- Increased hair follicle volume
- Chronic recurrent acne
- Sex hormones
- Skin care regimen
Treatments like steam or warm water can make the skin more receptive to cleansing by increasing oil flow and softening debris in pores, making extraction easier, but they don't physically open the pores 1. Similarly, cold water or products containing ingredients like witch hazel may temporarily make pores appear smaller by reducing oil production and tightening the skin, but they don't close pores.
Understanding this concept helps explain why consistent skin care, rather than trying to "open" or "close" pores, is more effective for maintaining clear skin. The provided studies on acne treatment, such as the combination of adapalene and doxycycline 2, 3, 4, 5, do not directly address the question of whether pores open or close, but they do highlight the importance of proper skin care in managing acne and reducing the appearance of pores. Consistent skin care is the most effective approach for maintaining clear skin, rather than attempting to manipulate pore size.