What is the typical amount of potassium in D5NM (Dextrose 5% in Normal Saline) fluid?

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Potassium Content in D5NM Fluid

D5NM (Dextrose 5% in Normal Saline, also written as D5NS or D5 0.9% NaCl) contains 0 mEq/L of potassium in its standard formulation.

Standard Composition of D5NM

D5NM is a crystalloid solution consisting of:

  • 5% dextrose (50 grams per liter)
  • 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)
  • Sodium: 154 mEq/L 1
  • Chloride: 154 mEq/L 1
  • Potassium: 0 mEq/L (no potassium in standard formulation) 1

Comparison with Balanced Crystalloids

Unlike balanced crystalloid solutions such as Ringer's lactate, Plasmalyte, or Isofundine which contain 4-5 mEq/L of potassium, standard normal saline-based solutions (including D5NS) do not contain any potassium 1.

Clinical Implications

When Potassium Supplementation is Needed

  • If potassium replacement is required, it must be added separately to D5NS, as the base solution contains none 1
  • For maintenance therapy requiring electrolyte replacement, guidelines recommend adding 20 mEq/L potassium chloride to dextrose-containing saline solutions 1
  • In pediatric DKA management, potassium monitoring is essential as insulin therapy drives potassium intracellularly, and supplementation is typically needed despite the absence of potassium in the base fluid 1

Risk of Hypokalemia

  • Prolonged administration of D5NS without potassium supplementation can lead to hypokalemia, particularly in patients with ongoing losses or increased cellular uptake 1, 2
  • Loop diuretics administered with potassium-free fluids significantly increase hypokalemia risk 1

When to Consider Balanced Solutions Instead

  • For severe dehydration or shock requiring large-volume resuscitation, consider using balanced crystalloids (Ringer's lactate, Plasmalyte) which contain physiologic potassium concentrations of 4-5 mEq/L 1
  • Balanced solutions more closely approximate normal plasma electrolyte composition and may reduce the need for separate potassium supplementation 1

Important Caveats

  • The presence of dextrose in D5NS does not affect potassium content but does provide 170 calories per liter and can cause transient hyperglycemia 3
  • Always verify the specific product formulation, as some institutions may add potassium to create custom maintenance solutions, but this would be clearly labeled as "D5NS with KCl" 1
  • Monitor serum potassium levels when administering any maintenance fluid, especially D5NS, as it provides no potassium replacement 1, 2

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Potassium physiology.

The American journal of medicine, 1986

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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