What bacterial infections does Xyvox (linezolid) cover?

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Last updated: January 3, 2026View editorial policy

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Xyvox (Linezolid) Antimicrobial Coverage

Xyvox covers Gram-positive bacteria exclusively, with particular strength against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, but has NO clinically useful activity against Gram-negative organisms or atypical pathogens. 1

Primary Gram-Positive Coverage

Staphylococcus aureus

  • Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA): The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends linezolid as first-line therapy for MRSA skin and soft-tissue infections (Grade 1A recommendation) and as an alternative to vancomycin for nosocomial pneumonia caused by MRSA 1
  • Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA): Linezolid maintains in vitro activity against these highly resistant strains 1
  • Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA): Fully covered 2

Streptococcus Species

  • All strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including multidrug-resistant isolates (MDRSP) resistant to penicillin, second-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 1
  • Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep) 2
  • Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep) 2

Enterococcus Species

  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE): Linezolid demonstrates efficacy against VRE infections 2, 3
  • Enterococcus faecalis including vancomycin-resistant strains 3

Select Anaerobes

  • Clostridium perfringens, C. difficile, Peptostreptococcus species, and Bacteroides fragilis 3

Critical Coverage Gaps

Linezolid lacks clinically useful activity against:

  • Aerobic Gram-negative organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, and Haemophilus influenzae 1
  • Atypical pathogens: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella species 1

This means patients with polymicrobial infections or suspected Gram-negative involvement require additional antimicrobial coverage (e.g., aztreonam was permitted in clinical trials for Gram-negative coverage) 2.

FDA-Approved Indications

Nosocomial Pneumonia

  • Cure rates for MRSA nosocomial pneumonia: 59% (13/22 patients) 2
  • Effective against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae causing hospital-acquired pneumonia 2

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

  • Particularly effective for multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae (MDRSP): 92% cure rate (33/36 patients) in microbiologically evaluable population 2
  • Clinical cure rates of 73% in intent-to-treat population with CAP due to MDRSP 2

Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections

  • 88% cure rate (73/83 patients) for S. aureus infections 2
  • 79% cure rate (26/33 patients) for MRSA skin infections, compared to 73% with vancomycin 2
  • Effective for diabetic foot infections with Gram-positive pathogens 2

Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections

  • Approved for MSSA and S. pyogenes 2

Clinical Advantages

Tissue Penetration

  • Excellent tissue penetration into biofilms and poorly vascularized tissues such as the prostate 1
  • Superior penetration properties compared to vancomycin 4

Oral Bioavailability

  • 100% oral bioavailability, allowing seamless IV-to-oral transition when patients can tolerate oral medications 1
  • This unique feature enables early hospital discharge and outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) alternatives 4

Important Safety Considerations

Thrombocytopenia Risk

  • Associated with thrombocytopenia with prolonged use 4
  • Approximately 2% of patients develop thrombocytopenia 3
  • Monitor platelet counts, especially with treatment courses exceeding 10-14 days

Pediatric Tolerability

  • The suspension formulation can be poorly tolerated in children due to its taste 4, 5

References

Guideline

Linezolid Antimicrobial Coverage

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Antimicrobial Spectrum and Clinical Applications of Linezolid

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Limitations of Linezolid Therapy

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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