What is the cause of this patient's recurrent cervical lymphadenopathy?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: April 10, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis for Lymphadenopathy

The patient presents with recurrent sore throat and cervical lymphadenopathy, which resolved with symptomatic treatment. The following differential diagnoses are considered:

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Reactive lymphadenopathy: This is the most likely cause of the patient's lymphadenopathy, given the recurrent episodes of sore throat and lymph node enlargement that resolve with symptomatic treatment. The lack of systemic symptoms, negative HIV and rapid plasma reagin tests, and unremarkable complete blood count support this diagnosis.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Infectious mononucleosis: Although the patient's symptoms and laboratory results do not strongly suggest infectious mononucleosis, it is still a possible cause of lymphadenopathy, particularly given the patient's history of hepatitis C and potential for immune system dysfunction.
    • Toxoplasmosis: This parasitic infection can cause lymphadenopathy, but it is less likely in this case due to the lack of exposure history and negative rapid plasma reagin test.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Lymphoma: Although the patient's lymphadenopathy is likely reactive, lymphoma is a potentially life-threatening condition that must be considered, particularly given the patient's history of hepatitis C, which increases the risk of lymphoma.
    • Tuberculosis: This infectious disease can cause lymphadenopathy, and although the patient's symptoms and laboratory results do not strongly suggest tuberculosis, it is essential to consider this diagnosis due to its potential severity and the patient's history of smoking.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Castleman disease: This rare lymphoproliferative disorder can cause lymphadenopathy, but it is unlikely in this case due to the lack of systemic symptoms and unremarkable laboratory results.
    • Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: This rare condition can cause lymphadenopathy, but it is typically seen in young women and is unlikely in this case due to the patient's demographics and clinical presentation.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.