What is the most likely diagnosis for a 5-month-old girl presenting with tachypnea (rapid breathing), tachycardia (elevated heart rate), cardiomegaly (enlarged heart), and failure to thrive, with symptoms including difficulty breathing, poor feeding, and vomiting?

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Differential Diagnosis

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • B) Dilated cardiomyopathy: The patient's symptoms of cough, difficulty breathing, poor feeding, and failure to gain weight, along with physical examination findings of wheezes, S3 gallop, and hepatomegaly, and the chest x-ray showing cardiomegaly, are highly suggestive of dilated cardiomyopathy. This condition is characterized by enlargement of the heart and impaired cardiac function, leading to symptoms of heart failure.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • E) Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia: Although the patient's symptoms could be consistent with a respiratory infection like RSV pneumonia, the presence of cardiomegaly and S3 gallop on physical examination points more towards a cardiac etiology.
    • C) Failure to thrive: This is a condition characterized by a lack of weight gain or insufficient weight gain in children. While the patient is indeed failing to thrive, this diagnosis does not explain the underlying cause of her symptoms.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • F) Supraventricular tachycardia: Although less likely given the chronic nature of the symptoms, supraventricular tachycardia can present with similar symptoms and is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention.
    • A) Aspiration pneumonia: This could be considered, especially given the history of spitting up, but the presence of cardiomegaly and other cardiac signs makes it less likely.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • D) Iron deficiency anemia: While iron deficiency anemia can lead to poor feeding and failure to thrive, it does not directly explain the cardiac findings or the respiratory symptoms presented in this case. It could be a contributing factor but is not the primary diagnosis.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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