Is thinning of the rectal mucosa following vacuum therapy considered a buttonhole tear?

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Last updated: April 12, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

No, thinning of rectal mucosa post vacuum delivery is not considered a buttonhole tear. A buttonhole tear is a specific type of obstetric injury where there is a perforation through the rectal mucosa into the rectum, while the anal sphincter remains intact, as described in a case series and review of the literature 1. This creates a "buttonhole" communication between the vagina and rectum. In contrast, thinning of rectal mucosa represents stretching and potential weakening of the tissue without actual perforation. Thinning of the mucosa may increase the risk of subsequent tears or injury but does not constitute a tear itself. Some key points to consider in this context include:

  • Buttonhole tears are serious complications requiring surgical repair, typically involving a layered closure of the rectal mucosa and surrounding tissues, often with antibiotics and temporary bowel rest.
  • If you notice thinning of rectal mucosa during delivery, careful assessment should continue, as this may indicate tissue under stress that could progress to a tear if additional trauma occurs.
  • Proper identification of tissue planes and careful technique during any obstetric procedures are essential to prevent progression from thinning to actual perforation. It's also worth noting that other studies on thinning, such as those related to cortical thinning in aging 2, 3, or other types of thinning like hair greying 4 or peripheral fat loss 5, are not directly relevant to the specific context of rectal mucosa thinning post vacuum delivery. Therefore, the focus should remain on the obstetric context and the specific definition and management of buttonhole tears as described in the most recent and relevant literature 1.

References

Research

Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2004

Research

The biology of human hair greying.

Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 2021

Research

Peripheral fat loss and decline in adipogenesis in older humans.

Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2013

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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