From the Guidelines
A calcium scoring test and a coronary calcium CT scan are essentially the same procedure, utilizing computed tomography (CT) technology to detect and measure calcium deposits in the coronary arteries, with the primary difference being in terminology rather than methodology. This non-invasive test is crucial for assessing the risk of coronary artery disease and potential future cardiac events. The procedure involves lying on a table that slides into a donut-shaped CT scanner, which takes multiple X-ray images of the heart, all without the use of contrast dye, and typically completes within 10-15 minutes 1.
The calcium score, which ranges from zero (indicating no detectable calcium) to over 400 (indicating extensive calcification), is a key indicator of heart disease risk, with higher scores signifying greater risk 1. This test is particularly beneficial for individuals with intermediate risk factors for heart disease, such as a family history of coronary artery disease, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure, who have not yet exhibited symptoms 1.
Key points about the calcium scoring test and coronary calcium CT scan include:
- They are non-invasive and do not require contrast dye.
- The test is quick, usually taking about 10-15 minutes.
- The radiation exposure is relatively low compared to other cardiac imaging tests.
- No special preparation is typically required before the scan.
- The test is most beneficial for people with intermediate risk factors for heart disease who do not yet have symptoms.
- The calcium score helps doctors assess the risk of coronary artery disease and potential future cardiac events, with higher scores indicating greater risk.
Given the most recent and highest quality evidence, the use of calcium scoring or coronary calcium CT scans for risk assessment in asymptomatic individuals, especially those at intermediate risk, is supported by guidelines such as those from the European Society of Cardiology in 2024 1, emphasizing the importance of these tests in guiding treatment decisions and enhancing risk stratification.
From the Research
Difference between Calcium Scoring Test and Calcium Coronary CT Scan
- A calcium scoring test is a non-contrast CT scan that measures the amount of calcium in the coronary arteries, which is an indicator of coronary artery disease 2.
- A calcium coronary CT scan, also known as coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), is a contrast-enhanced CT scan that provides detailed images of the coronary arteries and can detect blockages and other abnormalities 3.
- The main difference between the two tests is that a calcium scoring test only measures calcium deposits, while a calcium coronary CT scan provides a more detailed picture of the coronary arteries and can detect other types of plaque and blockages 4.
Clinical Applications
- Calcium scoring tests are commonly used as a screening tool for coronary artery disease, particularly in patients with intermediate risk factors 5.
- Calcium coronary CT scans are used to diagnose and evaluate coronary artery disease, and to guide treatment decisions 3.
- The combination of calcium scoring and coronary CT angiography can provide a more comprehensive assessment of coronary artery disease 6.
Technical Differences
- Calcium scoring tests typically use a non-contrast CT scan, while coronary CT angiography uses a contrast-enhanced CT scan 2.
- The radiation dose for a calcium scoring test is typically lower than for a coronary CT angiography 5.
- The image quality and diagnostic accuracy of coronary CT angiography can be affected by the presence of calcium deposits, which can make it more difficult to interpret the images 6.