From the Research
Treatment Options for Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Tears
- Non-operative treatment is often recommended for grade I and II MCL injuries, as well as some grade III injuries, especially if there are no associated injuries that require surgical treatment 1, 2.
- Surgical treatment may be considered for grade III MCL tears with severe valgus alignment, MCL entrapment, or intra-articular or bony avulsion 2.
- Reconstruction or repair of the MCL may be necessary for chronic MCL injuries that have failed to heal or for those with valgus misalignment 2.
- Primary repair of the MCL is usually performed within 7 to 10 days after the injury, and augmentation repair or reconstruction may be used in cases where primary repair is not possible 2, 3.
Surgical Techniques
- Primary repair of the MCL with internal bracing is a surgical technique that allows for early surgical intervention and rehabilitation, and can help prevent residual valgus instability 3.
- Reconstruction of the MCL may involve the use of autograft tissue or other materials, and may be performed in conjunction with other surgical procedures, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction 4, 1.
Considerations for Treatment
- The location and severity of the MCL tear, as well as the presence of associated injuries, can influence treatment decisions 1, 2.
- The quality of the native ligament and the time since the injury can also impact the choice of treatment, with primary repair often preferred for acute injuries and reconstruction considered for chronic injuries 2.
- Individual treatment decisions should be based on the characteristics and nature of the injury, as well as the patient's overall health and activity level 4, 2.