How is inferior vena cava (IVC) distensibility calculated in patients?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: January 18, 2026View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Cara Menghitung Distensibility IVC

Distensibility IVC dihitung dengan rumus: (Diameter IVC maksimal saat inspirasi - Diameter IVC minimal saat ekspirasi) / Diameter IVC minimal saat ekspirasi × 100%, dan digunakan khusus pada pasien dengan ventilasi mekanik. 1, 2, 3

Teknik Pengukuran yang Benar

Posisi dan Probe

  • Posisikan pasien dalam posisi supine (terlentang) 1, 4
  • Gunakan probe phased array atau curvilinear dengan pendekatan subcostal untuk memvisualisasi IVC saat masuk ke atrium kanan 1, 4
  • Ukur diameter IVC sekitar 1-2 cm dari junction dengan atrium kanan (cavoatrial junction) 1, 4

Pengukuran Diameter

  • Pada pasien dengan ventilasi mekanik: ukur diameter maksimal IVC saat inspirasi (Dmax) dan diameter minimal saat ekspirasi (Dmin) 2, 5, 3
  • Pengukuran harus dilakukan dalam satu siklus napas mekanik tunggal 6, 3

Formula Perhitungan

Distensibility Index (untuk pasien ventilasi mekanik)

dIVC = [(Dmax - Dmin) / Dmin] × 100% 2, 5, 6, 3

Dimana:

  • Dmax = diameter IVC maksimal saat inspirasi 3
  • Dmin = diameter IVC minimal saat ekspirasi 3

Collapsibility Index (untuk pasien bernapas spontan)

cIVC = [(Dmax - Dmin) / Dmax] × 100% 2, 5

Penting: Perhatikan perbedaan denominator - distensibility menggunakan Dmin, sedangkan collapsibility menggunakan Dmax 2

Interpretasi Klinis

Pada Pasien Ventilasi Mekanik

  • dIVC >15-18% memprediksi fluid responsiveness dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas tinggi 1, 7, 6, 3
  • Nilai cut-off >16% memberikan sensitivitas 70.59% dan spesifisitas 100% 6
  • Nilai >18% dapat membedakan responder dan non-responder dengan sensitivitas 90% dan spesifisitas 90% 3

Korelasi dengan Status Volume

  • Terdapat korelasi kuat (r = 0.9) antara dIVC baseline dengan peningkatan cardiac index setelah ekspansi volume 3
  • Korelasi negatif signifikan ditemukan antara distensibility index dengan global end-diastolic index (r = -0.522, p = 0.001) 5

Syarat Teknis untuk Pengukuran Valid

Pada Pasien Ventilasi Mekanik

  • Pasien harus dalam mode volume-control dengan tidal volume 8 mL/kg berat badan ideal 1, 7
  • Tidak boleh ada dyssynchrony ventilator 1, 7
  • Pengukuran tidak reliabel pada pasien dengan tekanan intra-abdominal tinggi atau compartment syndrome 1, 7

Pitfall dan Keterbatasan Penting

Kontraindikasi Relatif

  • Jangan gunakan pada pasien dengan ventilasi non-invasif atau positive pressure pada pasien bernapas spontan - variabilitas respons individual sangat tinggi dan tidak konsisten 8
  • Interpretasi terbatas pada pasien dengan regurgitasi trikuspid berat 1, 4
  • Tekanan intra-abdominal tinggi dapat memberikan hasil false positive untuk distensi IVC 1, 4, 7

Keterbatasan Teknis

  • Pengukuran dapat sulit pada neonatus atau pasien dengan kateter vena sentral umbilikal 1
  • Tidak ada rekomendasi untuk penggunaan pada pasien dengan sindrom kompartemen abdominal 7

Integrasi dengan Parameter Lain

  • Kombinasikan penilaian IVC dengan ukuran ruang jantung, fungsi RV, dan konteks klinis 1, 7
  • Stroke volume variation (SVV) dan pulse pressure variation (PPV) menggunakan analisis arterial waveform merupakan alternatif superior untuk pasien ventilasi mekanik 7
  • Jangan menunda resusitasi pada pasien dengan tanda klinis jelas hipovolemia hanya untuk mengukur distensibility IVC 7

Related Questions

Is respiratory variation greater than 50% of inferior vena cava (IVC) caliber of 1.3cm associated with right atrial (RA) pressure of 3mmHg?
What is the length of pediatric bowels from the Inferior Vena Cava (ICV)?
What is the significance of a respiratory variation of greater than 50% in Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) calibre, measuring 1.3 cm, with a right atrial (RA) pressure of 3 mmHg, indicating hypotension?
What is the significance of a respiratory variation of greater than 50% in Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) calibre, measuring 1.3 cm, with a Right Atrial (RA) pressure of 3mmHg?
What is the diagnosis and management for a 24-day-old patient with abdominal distention and X-ray showing multiple gas-filled distended loops?
What is the best approach for managing non-invasive mechanical ventilation using Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BPAP) versus High-Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) in a smoker with emphysema, admitted to the ICU for influenza A pneumonia, after extubation?
What is the best treatment approach for a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) experiencing a flare, particularly with regards to managing inflammation and preventing organ damage?
What is the treatment algorithm for a patient with allergic rhinitis?
What is the definition of a stroke in a young individual, typically under 45 years old?
Should a patient with cardiomegaly and hypertension, taking telmisartan (angiotensin II receptor antagonist), discontinue telmisartan prior to undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.