From the Research
In a type 4 injury, the iliopsoas muscle is typically respected or preserved, as it is a deep muscle group that connects the spine to the lower limbs and plays a crucial role in hip flexion. The iliopsoas muscle, composed of the iliacus, psoas major, and psoas minor muscles, is essential for daily activities, including sports, and its preservation is vital for maintaining functional outcomes and preventing long-term morbidity 1. Understanding the anatomy and function of the iliopsoas muscle is crucial for treatment planning, as impairments or pathology associated with this muscle group can cause significant limitations.
Some studies have investigated the effects of psoas muscle thickness on outcomes after lumbar fusion surgery, suggesting that a greater psoas muscle thickness is associated with better functional outcomes and earlier ambulation 2. However, these findings are not directly related to the question of which muscle is respected in a type 4 injury.
Other studies have focused on the role of physical therapy and rehabilitation after lumbar fusion surgery, highlighting the importance of formal rehabilitation in improving outcomes and reducing morbidity 3. While these studies provide valuable insights into the management of lumbar fusion surgery, they do not specifically address the question of which muscle is respected in a type 4 injury.
In the context of muscle injuries, a brief guide to classification and management has been proposed, emphasizing the importance of proper diagnosis, classification, and treatment to prevent reinjury and complications 4. However, this study does not provide specific information on the muscles respected in a type 4 injury.
Overall, based on the available evidence, the iliopsoas muscle is the most likely muscle to be respected or preserved in a type 4 injury, given its deep location and essential role in hip flexion 1.