What causes enlarging subcutaneous masses on the abdominal wall with a normal computed tomography (CT) scan?

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Differential Diagnosis for Enlarging Subcutaneous Masses on Abdominal Wall with a Normal CT Scan

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Lipoma: A benign tumor composed of fat tissue, which can grow under the skin and may not be visible on a CT scan if it doesn't contain significant amounts of calcification or if the scan was not specifically focused on the subcutaneous tissue.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Sebaceous cysts: These are common, benign cysts that can grow under the skin and may appear as enlarging masses, especially if they become inflamed or infected.
    • Hematomas or seromas: Collections of blood or fluid under the skin can form masses, especially after trauma or surgery, and might not be evident on a CT scan if they are small or not significantly different in density from surrounding tissues.
    • Neurofibromas: Benign nerve sheath tumors that can present as subcutaneous masses, potentially part of neurofibromatosis type 1, though they might be more noticeable on an MRI than a CT scan.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Soft tissue sarcomas: Although rare, these malignant tumors can present as enlarging subcutaneous masses and would be critical to diagnose early for effective treatment. A normal CT scan does not rule out sarcomas, especially if the tumor is small or has a similar density to surrounding tissues.
    • Metastatic disease: Rarely, metastases from internal malignancies can present as subcutaneous nodules, and missing this diagnosis could have significant implications for patient management and prognosis.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP): A rare skin cancer that can appear as a subcutaneous mass, often with a long history of slow growth.
    • Erythema nodosum or other panniculitides: Inflammatory conditions of the subcutaneous fat that can cause nodular masses, though these typically have associated systemic symptoms or skin changes.
    • Subcutaneous mycoses: Fungal infections of the subcutaneous tissue, which can cause masses, especially in immunocompromised patients or after travel to endemic areas.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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