What is the recommended protocol for administering Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) injections to an adult patient?

NAD Injection Protocol

Critical Finding: No Established Injectable Protocol Exists

There are no FDA-approved intramuscular or intravenous NAD injection protocols, and the available evidence only supports oral administration of NAD precursors. The FDA-labeled products for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide specify oral tablet administration only, with dosing of one to two tablets once or twice daily 1.

Why Injectable NAD Lacks Evidence-Based Support

Absence of Guideline Recommendations

• No major medical society guidelines (CDC, American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, ESPEN, or other authoritative bodies) provide recommendations for injectable NAD administration 2.
• The available clinical evidence focuses exclusively on oral NAD precursors (nicotinamide mononucleotide/NMN, nicotinamide riboside/NR, and nicotinamide/NAM) rather than direct NAD injections 3, 4, 5.

FDA-Approved Administration Route

• The only FDA-labeled route for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is oral administration as tablets 1.
• Dosing: One to two tablets taken once or twice daily with or without food, or as prescribed by a physician 1.
• Storage requirements: 15-30°C (59-86°F) 1.

Evidence-Based Oral NAD Precursor Protocols

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Dosing

• Dose-dependent increases in blood NAD concentration occur with oral NMN at 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg daily for 60 days, with significant interindividual variability (coefficient of variation 29.2-113.3%) 3.
• The median effective NAD concentration increase for functional improvements (6-minute walk test and quality of life scores) is approximately 13.5-15.7 nmol/L 3.
• MIB-626 (microcrystalline β-nicotinamide mononucleotide) at 1000 mg twice daily (2000 mg total daily) for 28 days safely increased circulating NAD levels and reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure in overweight or obese middle-aged and older adults 4.

Safety Considerations for NAD Augmentation

• Oral NAD precursors (NAM, NR, NMN) demonstrate limited acute toxicity in clinical trials 5.
• Potential risks of raising NAD+ levels include accumulation of toxic metabolites, theoretical tumorigenesis risk, and promotion of cellular senescence 5.
• Long-term human clinical trial data remain limited 5.

Clinical Recommendation

Do not administer NAD via injection outside of IRB-approved research protocols. If NAD augmentation is clinically indicated for age-related conditions, metabolic dysfunction, or other potential benefits:

1. Use FDA-approved oral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tablets at one to two tablets once or twice daily 1.

2. Alternatively, consider oral NAD precursors with stronger clinical evidence:

   • NMN: 300-900 mg daily, with monitoring of functional outcomes 3
   • MIB-626: 1000 mg twice daily for cardiometabolic benefits 4

3. Monitor for adverse effects including gastrointestinal symptoms and metabolic changes 4, 5.

4. Avoid injectable NAD due to lack of established safety data, dosing protocols, and regulatory approval for this route of administration.