What could be causing unexplained bruising and unusual skin markings in a 57-year-old patient with no history of congenital bleeding disorders, who developed a 5x3 cm bruise on their inner right thigh 1 week ago with no known injury, and subsequently experienced a transient, scratch-like lesion on their finger?

Unexplained Bruising with Unusual Skin Markings in a 57-Year-Old Adult

Yes, you should order bleeding tests immediately, as unexplained bruising without trauma in an adult warrants evaluation for an acquired bleeding disorder, particularly acquired von Willebrand syndrome or other coagulopathies that can present with spontaneous ecchymoses. 1

Initial Laboratory Evaluation Required

The following tests should be ordered as your initial hemostasis panel 1, 2:

• Complete blood count (CBC) - to assess platelet count and rule out thrombocytopenia or other hematologic abnormalities 1, 2
• Prothrombin time (PT) - evaluates extrinsic coagulation pathway 1, 2
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) - evaluates intrinsic coagulation pathway 1, 2
• Von Willebrand factor testing (VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, and Factor VIII) - critical because VWF disorders are not reliably detected by PT/aPTT alone 1, 3, 2

Why This Presentation Warrants Investigation

Spontaneous bruising without identifiable trauma is abnormal in adults and suggests an underlying hemostatic defect. 2 The key concerning features in this case include:

• Large bruise (5x3 cm) without injury - this size and spontaneous nature exceeds normal bruising patterns 2
• Evolving appearance with unusual linear markings - the changing color and development of parallel red lines suggests abnormal vascular or hemostatic processes 2
• Transient finger lesion - the appearance and disappearance of a "papercut-like" lesion without trauma suggests spontaneous bleeding into skin 2

Differential Diagnosis Considerations

Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome (AVWS)

AVWS should be strongly considered in adults presenting with new-onset bleeding symptoms without personal or family history of bleeding disorders. 1 This condition can occur with:

• Underlying medical conditions (lymphoproliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular conditions) 1
• No prior bleeding history required 1

Other Acquired Coagulopathies

• Acquired factor deficiencies - can present with spontaneous bruising and abnormal aPTT 4
• Platelet dysfunction disorders - may present with mucocutaneous bleeding and normal platelet counts 1, 2
• Medication effects - review all medications including over-the-counter NSAIDs, antiplatelet agents, and supplements that may affect hemostasis 1, 2

Less Likely but Consider

• Vitamin K deficiency - would show prolonged PT 1
• Liver disease - would typically show both PT and aPTT prolongation 1
• Vascular disorders (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, scurvy) - but these typically have other clinical features 1, 5

Important Clinical Pitfalls

Normal PT and aPTT do NOT rule out a bleeding disorder. 3, 2 Specifically:

• Von Willebrand disease is frequently missed because standard coagulation tests are often normal 3
• Mild factor deficiencies (mild hemophilia A or B) may not prolong aPTT 1
• Platelet function disorders require specialized testing beyond platelet count 1

Von Willebrand factor is an acute phase reactant - levels can be falsely elevated during stress or illness, so if initial testing is borderline or normal but clinical suspicion remains high, repeat testing is necessary 3

When to Consult Hematology

Consultation with hematology should occur if: 1

• Initial screening tests show abnormalities
• Bleeding symptoms persist despite normal initial testing
• Additional specialized testing is needed (platelet function studies, factor assays, fibrinolysis testing) 1
• Management guidance is needed for procedures or ongoing bleeding 1

Additional Evaluation

Beyond hemostasis testing, document 1, 2:

• Complete medication review including supplements and herbal products
• Review of systems for signs of systemic disease (weight loss, night sweats, joint hypermobility, easy scarring)
• Physical examination for hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, telangiectasias, joint laxity 1

The unusual linear markings and transient nature of the finger lesion are atypical for common bruising patterns and strengthen the indication for hemostatic evaluation. 2 While psychogenic purpura exists as a rare entity with normal coagulation studies 5, this diagnosis should only be considered after thorough exclusion of organic bleeding disorders.