From the Research
Approximately 14% of pregnancies globally are affected by gestational diabetes, and this prevalence is likely similar in Canada, although the exact percentage may vary based on risk factors and screening approaches. The prevalence of gestational diabetes varies significantly based on risk factors such as age, ethnicity, family history, and pre-pregnancy weight 1. Indigenous, Asian, Hispanic, and African-Canadian women have higher rates than the general population. Gestational diabetes typically develops in the second or third trimester when pregnancy hormones interfere with insulin function, causing insulin resistance. This condition usually resolves after delivery but requires management during pregnancy through blood glucose monitoring, dietary modifications, exercise, and sometimes insulin therapy. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes have a 35-60% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life, making postpartum follow-up important. Regular screening during pregnancy, typically between 24-28 weeks with a glucose challenge test followed by an oral glucose tolerance test if needed, is standard practice in Canadian prenatal care.
Some studies have shown that the prevalence of gestational diabetes can range from 3-20% of pregnant women in Canada, with the national average being around 10% 2, 3, 4, 5. However, the most recent and highest quality study suggests that the global prevalence of gestational diabetes is around 14%, which is likely similar in Canada 1.
Key points to consider in the management of gestational diabetes include:
- Early screening and diagnosis, typically between 24-28 weeks of gestation
- Management through blood glucose monitoring, dietary modifications, exercise, and sometimes insulin therapy
- Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life, making postpartum follow-up important
- Regular screening during pregnancy is standard practice in Canadian prenatal care
- Prevalence varies significantly based on risk factors such as age, ethnicity, family history, and pre-pregnancy weight.
It is essential to prioritize the management of gestational diabetes to reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes for both the mother and the baby. The most recent and highest quality study suggests that the global prevalence of gestational diabetes is around 14%, and this should be considered in the management of pregnant women in Canada 1.