What are the indications for treatment in patients with Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV), also known as Clubfoot?

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Indikasi Tatalaksana pada CTEV (Congenital Talipes Equinovarus)

Semua kasus CTEV idiopatik memerlukan tatalaksana segera setelah diagnosis, idealnya dimulai dalam minggu pertama kehidupan, dengan metode Ponseti sebagai standar emas untuk koreksi konservatif.

Indikasi Tatalaksana Konservatif (Metode Ponseti)

Kapan Memulai Terapi

  • Mulai sesegera mungkin setelah lahir, idealnya dalam 3-14 hari pertama kehidupan untuk hasil optimal 1, 2
  • Metode Ponseti efektif untuk 95-96% kasus CTEV idiopatik tanpa memerlukan pembedahan ekstensif 3, 2
  • Dapat dimulai hingga usia beberapa bulan, meskipun hasil terbaik dicapai dengan inisiasi dini 1, 4

Kriteria untuk Metode Ponseti

  • CTEV idiopatik (bukan tipe teratologis atau sindromik) 4
  • Skor Pirani awal rata-rata 4-6 poin menunjukkan respons baik terhadap serial casting 1, 2
  • Deformitas mencakup: adduksi forefoot, supinasi, varus hindfoot, dan equinus ankle 5

Protokol Tatalaksana Konservatif

  • Serial casting: rata-rata 6-7 kali pemasangan gips dengan interval mingguan 1, 2
  • Tenotomi Achilles perkutan: diperlukan pada 83% kasus, dilakukan pada usia rata-rata 106 hari (45-213 hari) 1
  • Bracing (Denis Browne splint): wajib digunakan setelah koreksi untuk mencegah relaps, dengan kepatuhan tinggi (>96%) krusial untuk kesuksesan jangka panjang 1, 3

Indikasi Tatalaksana Bedah

Kegagalan Konservatif

  • Relaps setelah metode Ponseti dengan ketidakpatuhan terhadap bracing sebagai penyebab utama 1, 3
  • Hanya 3-5% kasus memerlukan pembedahan ekstensif (posteromedial release) setelah kegagalan konservatif 3, 2
  • Relaps lebih sering dapat dikoreksi dengan serial casting ulang dibandingkan teknik Kite yang lebih sering memerlukan pembedahan mayor 5

Deformitas Teratologis atau Kaku

  • Deformitas kaki yang sangat kaku atau tipe teratologis yang tidak responsif terhadap manipulasi konservatif 4
  • Kasus-kasus ini mungkin memerlukan surgical release sejak awal 4

Kasus Neglected atau Terlambat

  • Pasien yang datang terlambat dengan deformitas residual signifikan setelah usia optimal untuk serial casting
  • Pertimbangkan pembedahan untuk koreksi deformitas yang tidak dapat diatasi dengan casting 4

Peringatan Penting

  • Kepatuhan terhadap bracing adalah faktor kritis: semua kasus relaps dalam studi terkait dengan ketidakpatuhan terhadap Denis Browne splint 1, 3
  • Hindari pembedahan ekstensif dini: komplikasi jangka panjang termasuk kekakuan, nyeri, dan kehilangan mobilitas 4
  • Evaluasi berkelanjutan: monitor hingga maturitas skeletal karena risiko relaps dapat terjadi bertahun-tahun setelah koreksi awal 5
  • Skor Pirani harus digunakan untuk objektif assessment pre dan post-treatment, dengan penurunan signifikan (rata-rata 1.15-1.50 poin) menunjukkan koreksi adekuat 5

Outcome yang Diharapkan

  • Fungsi jangka panjang terbaik dilaporkan dengan metode Ponseti dibandingkan teknik lain 4
  • Skor fungsional Ponseti good/excellent pada 96% kasus dengan follow-up rata-rata 4 tahun 1
  • Teknik Ponseti menghasilkan alignment kaki yang secara signifikan lebih baik dibandingkan teknik Kite atau teknik tradisional lainnya 5

References

Research

Congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus: an evaluation in infants treated by the Ponseti method.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2013

Research

Management of congenital talipes equinovarus by Ponseti technique: a clinical study.

The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, 2008

Research

Evaluation of the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by using the Ponseti method.

The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, 2003

Research

The management of congenital talipes equinovarus.

Early human development, 2005

Research

Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot).

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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