Why should propofol not be used in local anesthetic (LA) intoxication?

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Por qué no usar propofol en intoxicación por anestésicos locales

El propofol debe evitarse en pacientes con toxicidad sistémica por anestésicos locales (LAST) cuando existe inestabilidad cardiovascular, porque puede agravar la depresión miocárdica y la vasodilatación, empeorando el colapso cardiovascular que ya caracteriza esta emergencia. 1, 2, 3

Mecanismo del problema

El propofol causa depresión miocárdica directa y vasodilatación periférica, efectos que son particularmente peligrosos en el contexto de LAST donde el paciente ya presenta compromiso cardiovascular por el anestésico local. 1 La combinación de estos efectos depresores cardiovasculares puede precipitar o empeorar el colapso circulatorio. 1

Recomendaciones específicas para manejo de convulsiones en LAST

  • Las benzodiacepinas son el tratamiento de primera línea para las convulsiones en LAST, específicamente midazolam intravenoso 0.1-0.2 mg/kg. 1, 2, 3
  • Evite el propofol si hay cualquier signo de inestabilidad cardiovascular, incluyendo hipotensión, bradicardia, arritmias o colapso circulatorio. 1, 2
  • El propofol solo debe considerarse con extrema cautela si el paciente está hemodinámicamente estable y las benzodiacepinas no están disponibles o han fallado. 1

Contexto fisiopatológico adicional

La toxicidad por anestésicos locales ya produce depresión cardiovascular significativa a través del bloqueo de canales de sodio cardíacos, resultando en arritmias, bradicardia e hipotensión. 2, 4 Agregar propofol en este contexto crea una "doble agresión" al sistema cardiovascular que puede ser fatal. 1

El propofol también puede causar depresión respiratoria temporal, lo cual es problemático cuando la hipoxia y acidemia ya están empeorando la cardiotoxicidad del anestésico local. 2, 5

Alternativas seguras para convulsiones

  • Midazolam IV 0.1-0.2 mg/kg es la opción más segura y efectiva. 1, 3
  • Las benzodiacepinas no agravan la inestabilidad cardiovascular como lo hace el propofol. 1
  • Si las convulsiones persisten después de benzodiacepinas, priorice el soporte cardiovascular con emulsión lipídica al 20% antes que agregar más sedantes. 2, 3

Advertencia crítica sobre el uso de propofol en estados de bajo gasto

Estudios han documentado que el propofol puede causar depresión cardiovascular profunda incluso con dosis pequeñas (0.75-1.5 mg/kg) en pacientes con reserva cardíaca limitada o hipovolemia. 5 En el contexto de LAST, donde ya existe compromiso cardiovascular, este riesgo se magnifica exponencialmente. 1

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Treatment of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Management of Local Anaesthetic Overdose in Neonates and Infants

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Research

Propofol anesthesia.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 1999

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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