From the Guidelines
Cefixime is the oral equivalent of cefepime.
Key Points
- Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity, including against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria 1.
- Cefixime, on the other hand, is a third-generation cephalosporin that can be given orally and has a similar spectrum of activity to cefepime, although it is less effective against some gram-positive bacteria 1.
- Studies have shown that oral cefixime can be as effective as intravenous cefotaxime or ceftriaxone in treating certain infections, such as urinary tract infections 1.
- Cefixime has been used as an alternative oral first-line agent for treating enteric fever, although it has reported treatment failure rates of 4-37.6% 1.
- The dosage and duration of cefixime treatment may vary depending on the specific infection being treated, but it is typically given orally once or twice daily for 7-14 days.
- It is essential to note that cefixime may not be as effective as cefepime against some bacteria, and its use should be guided by susceptibility testing and clinical judgment.
From the Research
Oral Equivalent of Cefepime
- There are several oral cephalosporins that have been compared to cefepime in terms of their antibacterial activity, including cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, and ceftibuten 2.
- Cefpodoxime has been shown to have enhanced activity against Enterobacteriaceae and fastidious pathogens, and is considered to be one of the most active oral cephalosporins against these organisms 2.
- Cefixime and cefdinir have also been shown to have good activity against Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-positive organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae 2.
- However, it's worth noting that cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with a broader spectrum of activity than third-generation cephalosporins, and is more active against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria 3.
- A recent study has also explored the use of bilosomes as a nanoplatform for enhancing the oral absorption and extending the half-life of cefepime, with promising results 4.
Comparison of Oral Cephalosporins
- The antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, and ceftibuten has been compared to that of cefepime, with varying results 2.
- Cefpodoxime has been shown to be more active than cefixime and cefdinir against certain organisms, including Enterobacteriaceae and fastidious pathogens 2.
- Ceftibuten has been shown to be the most potent oral cephalosporin against most Enterobacteriaceae, but has limited activity against Gram-positive organisms 2.
- Cefdinir has been shown to have good activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, but has limited activity against Enterobacteriaceae 2.
Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Cefepime has a linear pharmacokinetic profile, with an elimination half-life of approximately 2 hours and is primarily excreted by renal mechanisms as unchanged drug 3.
- The efficacy of cefepime has been demonstrated in comparative and noncomparative trials, including those against lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin and skin structure infections 3, 5, 6.
- Cefepime has been shown to be comparable to ceftazidime in clinical and bacteriologic response rates, and has been found to be effective against organisms that show resistance to other agents 3, 5, 6.