From the Research
Hand, foot, and mouth disease in adults is typically treated with supportive care, focusing on hydration, pain relief, and prevention of complications, as it usually resolves on its own within 7-10 days. The treatment approach should prioritize managing symptoms to improve quality of life and reduce morbidity. According to the most recent and highest quality study 1, the disease is characterized by a painful oral enanthem and asymptomatic exanthem on the palms and soles, and children younger than 5 years are most commonly affected, but adults can also be infected.
Supportive Care
- Take over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) at 650-1000mg every 6 hours or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) at 400-600mg every 6-8 hours to manage fever and pain, as recommended by 2.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially cold liquids that may soothe throat pain.
- Avoid spicy, acidic, or hot foods that can irritate mouth sores.
- Salt water rinses (1/2 teaspoon salt in 1 cup warm water) can help relieve mouth pain, but it's crucial to note that oral lidocaine is not recommended 2.
- Apply calamine lotion to skin rashes for itch relief.
- Rest adequately to support your immune system.
Prevention of Complications
While recovering, it's essential to:
- Wash hands frequently and avoid close contact with others, as the virus is contagious through bodily fluids.
- Be aware of the potential for severe complications, especially if the disease is caused by enterovirus A71, which can lead to circulatory failure and neurogenic pulmonary edema, as highlighted in 1.
- If symptoms are severe, persist beyond 10 days, or if you develop complications like dehydration or neurological symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.
Considerations for Severe Cases
In severe or complicated cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease, intravenous immunoglobulin may be considered for treatment, as recommended by several national and international guideline committees, according to 1. However, there are no specific antiviral agents approved for the treatment of the disease, although several drugs are under investigation as potential candidates. Vaccination and good personal hygiene are crucial in preventing the disease, especially in high-risk areas.