What is the recommended testing and management protocol for a patient with fever and encephalitis who has recently traveled to South or Southeast Asia and is suspected of having Nipah virus infection in Australia?

For a patient who has recently traveled to South or Southeast Asia and is presenting with symptoms such as fever and encephalitis, I strongly recommend immediate testing for Nipah virus at a reputable laboratory in Australia. Given the patient's recent travel history and symptoms, it is essential to rule out Nipah virus infection as soon as possible. The patient should be isolated with airborne precautions, and a thorough medical history and physical examination should be conducted to identify any potential exposures or risk factors. The testing protocol should include RT-PCR from throat swabs, respiratory specimens, CSF, or urine, as well as serology tests to detect IgM and IgG antibodies. If the patient is found to be positive for Nipah virus, they should be managed in a hospital with expertise in infectious diseases, and supportive care should be provided to manage their symptoms and prevent complications. In addition to testing and management, it is crucial to identify and monitor any close contacts of the patient, as person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus can occur. As a second-line intervention, the patient may be considered for treatment with ribavirin, although its effectiveness in treating Nipah virus infection is still being studied. Overall, a cautious and thorough approach is necessary to ensure the patient receives timely and effective care, and to prevent further transmission of the virus.