From the Guidelines
GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, are currently the most effective medications for weight loss, with a mean weight loss of 14.9-16.0% over 68 weeks, as shown in the STEP trials 1. These medications work by mimicking a hormone that regulates appetite and food intake, making you feel fuller longer and reducing hunger signals. However, they require weekly injections, can be expensive, and may cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The most effective approach to weight loss typically combines multiple strategies including:
- Dietary changes
- Regular physical activity
- Behavioral modifications
- Possibly medication when appropriate For sustainable weight loss, lifestyle changes remain fundamental regardless of whether medication is used. Before starting any weight loss medication, you should consult with a healthcare provider who can assess your specific health situation, weight loss goals, potential contraindications, and help determine if GLP-1 medications or another approach would be most appropriate for your individual needs 1. It's also important to note that long-term use of GLP-1 receptor agonists is necessary to maintain weight loss, as significant weight regain occurs after cessation of treatment 1. Additionally, GLP-1 receptor agonists have been shown to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes 1. Overall, while GLP-1 receptor agonists are highly effective for weight loss, they should be used in conjunction with lifestyle modifications and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
From the FDA Drug Label
The FDA drug label does not answer the question.
From the Research
GLP-1 and Weight Loss
- GLP-1 receptor agonists have been shown to be effective in reducing body weight, with a reduction in calorie intake and body weight being one of their common mechanisms of action 2.
- The magnitude of weight loss varies among different GLP-1 receptor agonists, with semaglutide and tirzepatide demonstrating significant weight loss outcomes in clinical trials 3.
- In clinical trials, liraglutide showed a placebo-corrected weight loss of around 5%, semaglutide 12%, and tirzepatide 18% 3.
Comparison of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- Head-to-head clinical studies have demonstrated that all GLP-1 receptor agonist agents are effective therapeutic options at reducing A1C, but differences exist in terms of magnitude of effect on A1C and weight as well as frequency of adverse effects 4.
- The choice of a specific GLP-1 receptor agonist will depend on patient preferences, potential adverse effects, and cost 5.
Safety and Tolerability
- Common side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists are predominantly gastrointestinal, including nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting 3.
- Rare serious adverse events include gallbladder disorders and acute pancreatitis 3.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists may also have new risks associated with their use, including increased aspiration risk during anesthesia due to delayed gastric emptying and challenges with bowel preparation for colonoscopies 3.