Should a proton pump inhibitor be prescribed to a patient with acute Ulcerative Colitis who is currently taking 35mg of a steroid once daily and 45mg of an immunosuppressant once daily?

PPI Prophylaxis in Acute Ulcerative Colitis on Steroids and Immunosuppression

You should prescribe a proton pump inhibitor to this patient with acute ulcerative colitis who is receiving both corticosteroids (35mg daily) and immunosuppressants (45mg daily), as the combination of these medications significantly increases gastrointestinal bleeding risk and warrants gastroprotection.

Rationale for PPI Use

Triple Immunosuppression Context

• Your patient is on triple immunosuppressive therapy (steroid + immunosuppressant + likely 5-ASA for UC), which creates substantial GI bleeding risk 1
• The British Society of Gastroenterology explicitly recommends prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii for patients on ≥20mg prednisolone or equivalent when combined with other immunosuppressants, indicating recognition of the high-risk nature of combination therapy 1
• The EULAR gout guidelines specifically state that NSAIDs should be given "plus proton pump inhibitors if appropriate" when used alongside corticosteroids, establishing precedent for gastroprotection with steroid therapy 1

Steroid Dose Considerations

• At 35mg daily, your patient is on a moderate-to-high dose corticosteroid regimen (standard UC treatment is 40mg prednisolone daily) 1
• The British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for acute severe UC management explicitly mention PPI use in the context of NSAID therapy with steroids, though they don't mandate it for steroids alone 1
• However, the combination with an immunosuppressant (likely azathioprine at 45mg daily based on typical UC dosing) substantially amplifies risk 1, 2

Evidence from Related Conditions

• While the provided guidelines don't directly address PPI prophylaxis for UC patients on steroids alone, the American Academy of Family Physicians notes that age ≥65 years and concurrent medications affecting coagulation increase baseline bleeding risk 3
• The American College of Gastroenterology recommends gastroprotection for patients with moderate GI risk factors, which would include combination immunosuppressive therapy 4

Clinical Algorithm for Decision

Prescribe PPI if ANY of the following:

• Steroid dose ≥20mg prednisolone equivalent PLUS any immunosuppressant 1
• Age ≥65 years on any dose steroid 3
• History of peptic ulcer disease or GI bleeding 3, 4
• Concurrent anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy 3
• Planned duration of steroid therapy >2-4 weeks 1

Your patient meets the first criterion (35mg steroid + 45mg immunosuppressant), making PPI prophylaxis appropriate.

Important Caveats

Duration of Prophylaxis

• Continue PPI throughout the entire steroid course and for at least 2-4 weeks after steroid discontinuation 1
• If the immunosuppressant (likely azathioprine) is continued long-term for UC maintenance, reassess PPI need after steroid taper is complete 1

Monitoring Considerations

• Watch for C. difficile infection, as PPIs may increase risk in IBD patients, though this should not preclude their use when indicated 1
• The patient should be monitored for signs of GI bleeding: melena, hematemesis, unexplained anemia, or hemodynamic instability 3

UC-Specific Factors

• The acute UC flare itself does not contraindicate PPI use 1, 5
• PPIs do not interfere with 5-ASA, corticosteroid, or thiopurine efficacy in UC 1
• If the patient requires rescue therapy with infliximab or cyclosporine for steroid-refractory disease, continue PPI prophylaxis given the intensified immunosuppression 1, 6, 5

Alternative Considerations

• Standard dose PPI (omeprazole 20mg daily or equivalent) is sufficient for prophylaxis 4
• H2-receptor antagonists are inferior to PPIs for gastroprotection in high-risk patients and should not be substituted 4